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Group decision making vs individual
Benefits of group decision making essay
Group decision making vs individual
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“ Today, many decisions in organizations are made by groups, teams, or committees. The benefits of group decision making include: more knowledge and expertise is available to solve the problem; a greater number of alternatives are examined; the final decision is better understood and accepted by all group members; and there is more commitment among all group members to make the final decision work “ (Lunenburg, 2011)
Organizations deal with a lot of strategic decision making, thus the organization cannot leave the decision making to one person but a group of people due to its importance. The application of new technologies and techniques in group decision making brings more value to the organization.
In the early 1980s, Group DSS (GDSS) was developed to support the group decision making process (Gray, 1987).“A group decision support system (GDSS) is an interactive computer-based system which facilitates solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group”. (DeSanctis & Gallupe , 1984) .
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To eradicate the issues of asynchronous decision making process a distributed GDSS for investment project analysis and evaluation has been developed where both individual and group decision processes are considered. The distributed GDSS is known as AGAP.
AGAP GDSS
In the first place, the most important common feature for the Army Problem Solving Model (Process) (APSMP) and the Rapid Decision Making and Synchronization Process (RDSP) are their outcome. The ultimate goal for both processes is to develop the ending decision. In the same way, a join characteristic for the APSMP and the RDSP is teamwork. Equally, these protocols develop to help members of the military organization how to solve their challenges in the group work. Likewise, constantly assessment and consider information is a primary and mutually task for them. In the APSMP, it is important to judge continuously information in every step for better a result. That is the same in the RDSP. Here, for commanders and staffs overseeing and collecting information is crucial because the change can make imbalance what can cause making a wrong decision. In addition, these methods, even use in diverse phases in the APSMP and the RDSP have identical evaluate norms. These norms: feasibility, suitability, and acceptability are standards, which purpose is to accept the solution leads us to a conclusion. Finally, common affair for the APSMP and the RDSP is that these processes did not finish when commanders made the decision. These processes conclude the work when we elucidate the problem.
Everyday a war is being waged, not in foreign countries- but in small neighborhoods and capital cities all over the world. A timeless battle to retain individual thought and action in an increasingly conformist society. The concept of a unanimous group-thinking society can be witnessed throughout history in the form of political controversies to pop culture and trends, to subtle influences in everyday life. The short narrative “Shooting an Elephant” written by George Orwell is a perfect example of group-thinking that implicates that to be accepted into these societal groups, one must do what is right by them, and not by the individual. Throughout the narrative, the author is influenced by increasing pressures from the crowd to shoot the elephant although it goes against his own personal convictions. The author desires to be accepted into the native's lives; no longer a social outcast. However, with this desire comes the knowledge that the group may or may not be correct in their brutal quest for blood.
In 1972, Irving Janis presented a set of hypothesis that he extracted from observing small groups performing problem solving tasks; he collectively referred to these hypotheses as groupthink¹. He defined groupthink as “a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action²” A successful group brings varied ideas, collective knowledge, and focus on the task at hand. The importance of groups is to accomplish tasks that individuals can not do on their own. The Bay of Pigs, Watergate, and the Challenger disaster are all forms of failure within a group. Specifically, you can see the effect of groupthink of Americans before September 11, 2001. The thought of harm to the United States was unfathomable, but only after the attacks did they realize they were not invincible. When a solid, highly cohesive group is only concerned with maintaining agreement, they fail to see their alternatives and any other available options. When a group experiences groupthink, they may feel uninterested about a task, don't feel like they will be successful, and the group members do not challenge ideas. Stress is also a factor in the failure of groupthink. An effective group needs to have clear goals, trust, accountability, support, and training. Some indicators that groupthink may be happening are; making unethical decisions, they think they are never wrong, close-minded about situations, and ignore important information. Many things can be done to prevent groupthink from happening. One way is to make each person in the group a “critical evaluator”. The leader must ...
DSS facilitate enhanced interpersonal communication among those responsible for decision making. Communication-Driven Decision Support Systems and Group Decision Support Systems lead in more lubricated communication process and sharing of information. Moreover, Model-Based Decision Support systems offer a platform for sharing certain facts and suppositions regarding the decision making process. At Amazon.com Data-driven Decision make certain information about the company available to managers to make it easy for them to make decisions that ens...
The idea and the concept of shared decision making in practice is recent. The principles regarding this specific module were beeing documented since 1982. We could eventually say that shared decision making is a new concept among practitioners. [3]
Virtual model teams are members that communicate and interact with each other by computer system, hardware, software and other communication links, in other words electronically. By using new technology they can research and achieve their goals. Each team member will have to have a groupware program to manage information. These systems will benefit the company and their employees like being able to work from anywhere at anytime and reduce expenses associated with traveling, parking, lodging, and the probability to reduce the lease of a building; they also can form an alliance with different organizations in the country or outside the country.
... that areas of expertise can be exploited, different people are good at different things. Groups can discuss material, and that discussion can improve the quality of the decision. Groups are less likely to suffer from judgmental biases that individuals have when they make decisions. People are more likely to follow through on decisions made by groups that they are connected to. Also, more monumental decisions can be made in groups, because one member will not be singled out for blame, making the entire group responsible.
The successful use of team practice aims to better serve respected stakeholders. In urban planning, the unity and cohesiveness of a finished work signifies professionalism and clarity, which can only be arrived from a great team. In order to achieve solidarity, good decision making tactics must be enforced. Decision making involves making a logical choice influenced by, and not limited to, facts and information, time, and emotions. These factors may be a sole factor or combined together. Thus, decision making aims to solve a problem. In regards to urban planning, decision making has great influence on the overall success or failure of a plan. This plan may involve key stakeholders or the public, regardless of what party is at stake, decision making must be based on rationality. This paper will examine four decision making practices: (1) decision by authority, (2) decision by majority vote/rule, (3) decision by averaging opinions, and (4) decision by consensus.
A group can be define as ‘any number of people who (1) interact with one another; (2) are psychologically aware of one another and (3) perceive themselves to be a group’ (Mullins, L, 2007, p.299). Certain task can only be performed by combined effort of a group. Organisation can use groups to carry out projects, which will help to achieve its overall aim. However, for the group to be successful they must understand what is expected of them and have the right skill to complete the task. . (Mullins, L, 2006)
Indeed some research found that the team diversity have positive impact to decision making. For example, one of the research found that the diversity at educational level can positively influence the decision making and also affected on team performance (Simons). In addition, Dooley and Frywell illustrated that the discussion and argument was associated with quality decision making in U.S. hospital. However, some researches also demonstrated that the diversity in the team can have negative influence on decision making. For example, Sounder () found that, in diversity teams, because of the lots of difference between team members, sometimes its difficult to reach an agreement. Although, sometimes diversity in the team can improve the quality of decision making, it also increase the conflict within the team members, and impede the cooperation
Some of the characteristics seen in collaborative leadership are shared problem-solving and decision making. In order to come to a mutual decision between group members, the...
Three distinct decision making processes are programed decisions, operations research, and non-programed decisions (Dunn, 2010). Programed decisions are those made routinely and are well-known to the person making the decision (Dunn, 2010). Often these issues have standard rules and regulations that encompass them (Dunn, 2010). As stated by Dunn (2010), “operations research is closely aligned with systems analysis and is defined as the use of mathematical models, analytical methods, or structured inquiry to analyze a complex situation and identify the optimal approach” (p. 44). The third decision making process is non-programmed decisions, which are out of the ordinary having no typical solution (Dunn, 2010).
Working in groups is challenging at times. Other times it is very rewarding. We are so focused on life that we do not take time to reflect on things as much as we should. Being in a Groups class has opened my eyes to a whole new world. I have begun to question, explore, and even understand how things work. I even get how they work sometimes. Not only is there a process involved in making individual decisions, process is involved in group decisions as well. This paper attempts give insight into my reflection of my group decision process.
The author’s of this paper spent a few days observing the various decision making processes used in their work environments. Each observed that no single decision making process is the only process used in his or her place of work. While there was a vast amount of different decision making processes used, it appears that data gathering is used by each place of employment. Employers also used surveying and another technique designed to build individual support. Dione’s employer uses various charts and tables to gather date prior to making decisions. These charts are used to track the progress of individuals and teams, progress is monitored and changes can be made based on the information gathered. Natacha’s employer has an organized plan of correctly identifying the problem, then gathering data and following up with meetings to ensure proper action is taken. Janelle’s employer uses surveys to gather information. Surveying is done at two important key times, once in the beginning of a change and then again a little later. This allows managers to assess the positive and negative of the situation and check for improvement. Stephanie’s employer uses a process of meeting with certain individual’s to get acceptance of the idea.
Realizing that a group can become a high performance team is important. Accomplishing this goal is invaluable, advantageous and profitable. Once able to operate from a group to the high performing team is a great step into preparation into the big business world. Leaders and members must also realize not only how to accomplish this but that some problems will and can arise from different demographic characteristics and cultural diversity. That is if one is in such a group, which the probability would be quite high.