It was discovered that all life on earth is built from four different molecules. These four molecules are called proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids that are referred to as the molecules of life. Each molecule has a big part of all things of earth including us humans. All of these molecules are either “structurally or functionally” in cells. The first molecule is called carbohydrates which contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The main building blocks of this molecule of this molecule is sugar(saccharides). Carbohydrates are a very important source of energy towards everything. They provide great and amazing structural support for cells and help with communication for cells. Carbohydrates are also the most important …show more content…
The elements that make lipids up are C, H, O. Lipids are a highly variable group of molecules that includes fats, oils, waxes and some steroids. These molecules are mostly made up of chains of carbon and hydrogen called fatty acids. The fatty acids then bond together and create different lipids. Lipids also have the function of storing energy. Many other important things they have are insulation of heat, storing energy, protection and cellular communication. Some examples of lipids is saturated which is an animal, and unsaturated is plants. Pretty much all lipids are insoluble in water. The structure of lipid molecules means they are repelled by water according to basicbiology.com. This is the reason why oils and fats would create globules in water and why vinegar and oil separate after a period of time. In ways lipids are the most useful molecule of life. Ways that you can test to see if anything has lipids in it is to rub a small amount of food on a material or anything paper and a brown paper bag. Brush it on the paper and then let the paper dry. If lipids(fats) are present, a greasy or oily stain will show up when the paper is dry and held up to a …show more content…
The elements of Nucleic Acids are C, H, O, and N. The building blocks of this element are Nucleotides. DNA is a very well known molecule because it makes up our genetic cell. DNA carries all of our information a living organism needs to grow, survive, and reproduce. The function of the Nucleic Acid is the Genetic code(gives instruction to cell). It started with molecules called Nucleotides but then made long chains which formed Nucleic Acids. Every single Nucleic molecule has a sugar base. To find out if anything has Nucleic Acids is to figure out if something is living then it has to DNA. Examples of Nucleic Acids are us living humans, dogs, cats, horses, sharks, and everything living. So testing if it does has Nucleic Acids is to see if it’s a living
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
The study of nucleic acids has now become a fruitful and dynamic scientific enterprise. Nucleic acids are of unique importance in biological systems. Genes are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA, and each gene is a linear segment, or polymer, of a long DNA molecule. A DNA polymer, or DNA oligonucleotide, contains a linear arrangement of subunits called nucleotides. There are four types of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components; a phosphate group, a sugar and a base that contains nitrogen within its structure. The sugar moiety in DNA oligonucleotides is always dexoyribose, and there are four alternative bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The phosphate groups and the deoxyribose sugars form the backbone of each DNA stand. The bases are joined to the deoxyribose sugar and stick out to the side. Both oligomers, DNA and RNA, consist of 5’->3’ phosphodiester-linked nucleotide units that are composed of a 2’-deoxy-D-ribose (DNA) or D-ribose (RNA) in their furanose forms and a heteroaromatic nucleobase (A, T, G, and C; A, U, G, C), and the resulting oligonucleotide chain is composed of a polar, negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbone and an array of hydrophobic nucleobases. The amphiphilic nature of these polymers dictates the assembly and maintenance of secondary and tertiary structures the oligonucleotides can form. In the DNA duplex structure, genetic information is stored as a linear nucleotide code. This code can be accessed and replicated. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is another structurally related essential biopolymer. RNA differs from DNA in having the sugar ribose in place of the deoxyribos...
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
Carbohydrates are split into two main groups. The simple sugars and the starches. Simple sugars contain fructose, glucose and lactose. All three sugars can be found in most fruits. The starches are found in bread, rice, some fruits, some vegetables, and potatoes. Carbohydrates are mainly tasked with providing your body energy. However, in some instances where the body lacks enough fibre, the carbohydrates can be broken down to provide a replacement for fibre.
The essential component of life can be acknowledged and is made up of a nucleic acid known as DNA. DNA is the abbreviated form for the word deoxyribonucleic acid and it is the “carrier of genetic information” (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg. 775). DNA contains the genetic instructions that are needed for an organism to develop, survive, and replicate, as it plays a crucial role in living systems that makes each species unique and distinctive. The multifaceted material is stored in every cell of every living organisms and it contains information about our nature, appearance, performance, etc. With the instructions that it contains, DNA is passed from the adult organism to their offspring during reproduction. (McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, & Peterson, 1992, pg.777).
All living things contain DNA. The molecule deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is what contains an organism’s genetic information. The genetic information contained in DNA is what an organism requires to not only develop and reproduce but also survive. A DNA molecule is built up of nucleotides. Nucleotides are composed of several different things and what the nucleotides are composed of determines the name of it. Another job of DNA is to pass the genetic information through the process of protein synthesis. The DNA can show birth defects in the fetus using different testing. The knowledge of the birth defects of the fetus can be both positive and negative. DNA is a simple yet complex molecule that is used by all living things and makes us the way
1. DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.
Every cell in every living organism contains DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is wound up around proteins to form chromosomes, and along these chromosomes are sections which code for different traits in the organism, known as genes. Thus the program of genetics is written in the language of DNA (Steitz undated). Chromosomes are comprised of thousands of genes, each having specific sequences of nucleotides which code for specific traits in the organism or functions within each cell. These features could include eye or hair colour of a human, or a specific protein or enzyme which can produce an organism’s inherited traits (Steitz undated).
what help create all the living things we see everyday. Lipids are found in all membranes, mainly
One of the four molecules is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made out of CHO. The main building blocks are sugars (saccharides). What carbohydrates do for us is they store fuel for our cells. They are fast paced and energetic.
Carbohydrates. This is the main source of energy for the body. Our bodies use carbs in the form of glucose for our brain to gain energy to function correctly. The carbohydrates that the brain does not use, is stored as reserve energy. Carbohydrates are very important as not only do they give energy to the brain, but carbs are also a source of calories to help maintain body weight.
There are many more lipids than I have mentioned in my research paper, there are over a 100 know lipids. Lipids are very important for our body and cells and they carry out many function. They provide nutrients for our body. Lipids are a category of nutrients. Lipids consist of fats, oils, and waxes and are very important for are body’s health. Lipids are important for the human body because they are for storing energy, they’re good at storing energy because they can concentrate a group of calories in a smaller area. Lipids are also used to make soaps, detergents and waxes. These are things that we use in every day life.
Water, H2O (-* H+ +OH- hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion. These ions participate in many important biochemical reactions. Ann Christensen,Arizona Biology Network). The most basic and most needed building block of life. It is also one of the most important, because there is no way we can live without it. If tomorrow all the fossil fuel in the world ran out, we could go any number of ways, but if the water all the water ran out tomorrow. We would be in a whole lot of trouble. With out water there would simply be now life on this planet. From the time the water of this planet started to cool the compounds we have today were forming. At about 3.55-4.55 billion years ago (scientist still can not agree stating the volatile condition of are young planet at the time due to volcanoes, earthquakes, comets, and asteroids. But when ever the first life form appeared which was cyanobacteria. The orinism was cyanobacteria a unicelluerl life form, from it came many other life forms, I do not know enough about the theory of the origins of life to go into further detail.
Food, water and oxygen are life-sustaining substance essential to human life. Food provides both energy and the material needed for body cells. Nutrients are nourishing substances in food. These are needed for growth and development from childhood to entire life cycle for maintenance of body functions (Aguilera and Stanley, 1999). Food, water and oxygen are life-sustaining substance essential to human life. Nutrients are nourishing substances in food. These are needed for growth and development from childhood to entire life cycle for maintenance of body functions (Krishnaswamy and Sesikeran, 2010, p 1f).
Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose, which is a major fuel for all of the body's cells and the only source of energy for the brain and red cells. Except for fiber, which cannot be digested, both simple and complex carbohydrates are converted into glucose. The glucose is then either used directly to provide energy for the body, or stored in the liver for future use. When a person consumes more calories than the body is using, a portion of the carbohydrates consumed may also be stored in the body as fat.