Humans, bears, and trees all have one thing in common, they all have atoms and molecules. They also need the four elements of life to survive, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. (CHON) An atom is the smallest part of an element that is still that element. A molecule is two or more atoms joined and acting as a unit. There are four different types of molecules, they are, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. One of the four molecules is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made out of CHO. The main building blocks are sugars (saccharides). What carbohydrates do for us is they store fuel for our cells. They are fast energy. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of single or simple sugar molecules or monosaccharide. Maltose, sucrose, and lactose are examples of two sugar molecules linked, also known as disaccharide. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are examples of many sugar molecules linked. They are also called polysaccharide. If you wanted to test if there were carbohydrates in something you could do the sugar or the starch test. The sugar test is conducted like this: Step 1. Place a small amount of your sample in a test tube. Step 2. If the sample is not a liquid already, add a little The main building blocks of lipids are fatty acids and glycerin. The elements of lipids are the same as carbohydrates, CHO. What lipids are is stored energy. Even though carbohydrates and lipids are made up of the same elements, they are different. The difference is their structures. Some examples of lipids are fats and oils, saturated: animals, and unsaturated: plants. One of the test you could do to see if there is lipids in a food is the lipid test. This is how you do the lipid test. Step 1. Rub a small amount of sample on a square of brown paper bag. Step 2. Brush off excess food. Step 3. Let paper dry. Step 4. If lipids (fats) are present, a greasy or oily stain will show up when paper s dry and held up to the
To uncover organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, by using tests like Benedict, Lugol, Biuret and Beta Carotene. Each test was used to determine the presents of different organic molecules in substances. The substances that were tested for in each unknown sample were sugars, starches, fats, and oils. Moreover, carbohydrates are divided into two categories, simple and complex sugars. Additionally, for nonreducing sugars, according to Stanley R. Benedict, the bond is broken only by high heat to make make the molecules have a free aldehydes (Benedict). As for Lipids, there are two categories saturated and unsaturated fats. One of the difference is that saturated fats are mostly solids and have no double bond (Campbell Biology 73). The Beta Carotene test works by dissolving in a lipid, thus giving it color to make it visible. Moreover, proteins are made out of amino acids that are linked by a polypeptide bond (Campbell Biology 75). The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether an unknown class sample or food sample had any carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins in it. The expected result of the lab was that some substances would be present while other would be absent.
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
Sugar is one of the most consumed commodities in the world today, and the profits of it are significant. According to Larry Schwartz (2014) “Americans consume 130 pounds of sugar every year” (Schwartz, 2014). We must be acknowledged about how it all started, to appreciate how people lived and how they struggled to provide such a commodity. Sugar was a profitable commodity in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The cultivation of sugarcane expanded to the United States of America, which brought enslaves from Africa to work on the plantation of sugar during the 17th century. Sugar was known as the white gold for its income, which helped the U.S. to achieve independence from Great Britain. Although sugar has the worst history, it is widely used for nutritional, medical and industrial productions, and sugar manufacturing led to an industrial development and economic growth.
Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but they have far less oxygen than carbohydrates. They have high melting points. (Human Biology) The saturated acids have a higher melting point than unsaturated acids. Lipids can be extracted from plants and animals using solvents such as ether, chloroform and acetone. (Chemistry: Principals and Properties)
There are plenty of sugary soft drinks in the market today. Sugary soft drinks are included as drinks defined by the US Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services in their Dietary Guidelines for Americans as “sugar-sweetened beverages” that contain different types of sugars that contribute calories. Examples of these are lemonade, sports drinks, energy drinks, carbonated sodas and sweetened teas and coffees (Marrow,2011).
Tilt the test tube or glass, and slowly add an equal amount of the cold alcohol by pouring the alcohol down the sides of the test tube. Wait 20 minutes.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Step 3: Follow the steps for each specific test- cut the Jello in the petri dish to meet the requirements of that specific test
Triglycerides, that are derived from fatty acids, make up its chemical composition. Fatty acids are molecules that have a carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen atom. Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids, also known as carboxyl acids, that are chemically bound to a glycerol (Douma 2017). The triglycerides in butter can be composed of different fatty acids like oleic acid, searic acid, and palmitic acid (Reyes 2013). To make butter, milk or cream is
There are many more lipids than I have mentioned in my research paper, there are over a 100 know lipids. Lipids are very important for our body and cells and they carry out many function. They provide nutrients for our body. Lipids are a category of nutrients. Lipids consist of fats, oils, and waxes and are very important for are body’s health. Lipids are important for the human body because they are for storing energy, they’re good at storing energy because they can concentrate a group of calories in a smaller area. Lipids are also used to make soaps, detergents and waxes. These are things that we use in every day life.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
Carbohydrates (also known as carbs and sugars) are simple organic molecules whose basic role in the body is to provide energy, because they represent the easiest and fastest way to get the required energy. The combustion of 1 g of these compounds releases 4.1 calories.
The amylose is an unbranched glucose chain that makes it more compact and the amylopectin is a polymer that contains many branches so that glucose molecules can be cleaved from the chain for energy production. Maltose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules, plays a key role as an intermediate energy source to fuel cellular activity. The basic elemental components of the disaccharide maltose, is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The human body resorts to carbohydrates as its most immediate energy source to fuel oxidative respiration at the cellular
Sugar is a part of the American diet. Sugar is either added or occurs naturally into food. Natural sugar is usually found within milk or fruit products. Unnaturally added sugars are found in products prepared for eating such soft drinks, candy, and cookies. Soft drinks are mainly consumed by individuals during meals. Which allows sugar to become Americas diet of choice. However, added sugar causes multiple issues that could lead to death. Yet, sugar is grounded into Americans way of eating.