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Significance of lipids
Significance of lipids
Significance of lipids
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The Anatomy and Physiology of Lipids Abstract When you get up each morning and look outside your window looking out at the beautiful plants and adorable little animals, have you ever wondered what makes all living things? Lipids are what help create all the living things we see everyday. Lipids are found in all membranes, mainly plasma membranes, meaning animals and plants contain lipids. In this paper I will display and explain the formation of micelles and bi-layers from lipid amphiphilicity. A variety of books were used to study different types of lipids; the three major components, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols, and their affects in the cellular and multicultural systems. 3 Lipids are structural components found in living cells that are either soluble in organic solvents or insoluble in water.1 These lipid membranes are demonstrated in Singer and Nicolson’s 1972 fluid mosaic model. Lipids are commonly recognized as fats, oils, wax, etc. There are three major different types of lipids that exist: glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols.2 Within each type there are a variety of subtypes. Glycerophospholipids are commonly referred to as plain phospholipids. Within itself it contains three components. First it is constructed with a phosphorylated head group, then a three carbon glycerol backbone, and finally a two hydrocarbon fatty acid chains. The phosphorylated head group is attached to one of the glycerol hydroxyls with addition to the two hydrocarbon fatty acid chains bonded to the other two glycerol hydroxyls.3 The purpose for glycerophospholipids is to construct and or maintain the cell membrane. In a microscopic view of the cell membrane we can observe that the glyceropho... ... middle of paper ... ... Guardiola, Francesc, ed. Cholesterol and Phytosterol Oxidation Products : Analysis, Occurrence, and Biological Effects. New York: AOCS P, 2002. Hooper, Nigel, and David Hames. Instant Notes in Biochemistry. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2005. Kreuzer, F. and J.F.G. Slegers. Biomembranes Vol. 3 : Passive Permeability of Cell Membranes. New York; Plenum Press, 1972. "Lipid bilayer." Wikipedia. 24 July 2008 . "Micelle." Wikipedia. 26 July 2008 . Mukherjee, Kumar D. CRC Handbook of Chromotography Vol. 3 : Analysis of Lipidsseries. New York: CRC P, 1993. Perkins, Edward G. Analyses if Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins. Illinois: American Oil Chemists’ Society, 1991. Vance, Deenis E, and Jean E. Vance. Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes. Amesterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
surfactants. They are made up of two amphiphilic moieties connected at the level of the head
Fatty acids are constructed by a chain of various amount of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen atoms. Fatty acids can be categorized into three groups based on the number of carbon atoms: short-fatty acids (SCFAs) ≤ C5, medium-chain fatty acids (...
B) The plasma membrane on the outside of the cell is required since it separates the innards from the ouside (Module 14, slide 4). They are can perform this fuction since they are made of a lipid bilayer with hydophilic and hydrophobic parts to keep the inside of the cell prrotected from the outside environment (Campbell 99).
This article relates to this course about Biology within the cells. This article relates to
The cell plasma membrane, a bilayer structure composed mainly of phospholipids, is characterized by its fluidity. Membrane fluidity, as well as being affected by lipid and protein composition and temperature (Purdy et al. 2005), is regulated by its cholesterol concentration (Harby 2001, McLaurin 2002). Cholesterol is a special type of lipid, known as a steroid, formed by a polar OH headgroup and a single hydrocarbon tail (Wikipedia 2005, Diwan 2005). Like its fellow membrane lipids, cholesterol arranges itself in the same direction; its polar head is lined up with the polar headgroups of the phospholipid molecules (Spurger 2002). The stiffening and decreasing permeability of the bilayer that results from including cholesterol occurs due to its placement; the short, rigid molecules fit neatly into the gaps between phospholipids left due to the bends in their hydrocarbon tails (Alberts et al. 2004). Increased fluidity of the bilayer is a result of these bends or kinks affecting how closely the phospholipids can pack together (Alberts et al. 2004). Consequently, adding cholesterol molecules into the gaps between them disrupts the close packing of the phospholipids, resulting in the decreased membrane fluidity (Yehuda et al. 2002).
Two such biologists were the Dutch Edwin Gorter and F. Grendel. They recognised in 1925 that two such lipid layers existed.
Animals and plants each require their own unique form of carbohydrates, fats, and protein to function. Humans have many chemical compounds found in the body, each classified as different macromolecules. Macromolecules include fats, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleotides. Each performing their own unique function in the human body.
Differentiating between fatty acids can be in two main ways: the length of free fatty acid chains and the fatty acids degree of saturation. The number of carbon atoms determine the length of fatty acid chains which often categorized as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), and Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) with aliphatic tails longer than 22 carbons, while the number of double bonds between carbon atoms determine their degree of saturation. Fats can be categorized into saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Furthermore, the unsaturated fats divide into monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. Fatty acid can be saturated if there are no double bonds
Tertiary structure- this is where the Haem group of the polypeptide chains cause it to twist and fold to form the first 3D structure a structure for haemoglobin.
Consequently, Scientists use the fluid mosaic model to describe the organization of phospholipids and proteins. Proteins and phospholipids make up most of the membrane structure. According to Bailey (2016) Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer in which their hydrophilic head areas spontaneously arrange to face the aqueous cytosol and the extracellular fluid, while their hydrophobic tail areas face away from the cytosol and extracellular
Cell membranes are selectively permeable which can let things in and kick some out. The cell membrane is liquidly and is made out of different things like a mosaic. That’s how the cell membrane got its name fluid mosaic model. The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane has a different mixture of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. The carbohydrates are attached
One organelle in animal cells is the plasma membrane (Mader, Windelspecht 47-48). It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with rooted proteins. The plasma membrane serves as the barrier between the inside and outside of a cell. It also controls what enters and exits the cell. It serves many purposes that are vital for the cell’s survival and task(s) inside the body (Wolfe 6-12). In the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm exists with many organelles carrying out specific tasks (Softschools.com).
Prepare .05 to .075 g of crude lipid by dissolving it in hexane. Add to the silica gel slurry in the column.
Stopping and taking a moment to close my eyes and breath in the fresh clean spring like air then slowly opening them to the wonder of the view around me I feel I’m making the most of life.