Review of Literature
The study will critically analyze the Functional Movement Screen developed by Cook, et al., (2006). According to Schneiders, et al., (2010), “the Functional Movement Screen was developed as a comprehensive pre-participation and pre-season screen tool that challenges an individual’s ability to perform basic movement patterns ” (p.76). Cook, et al., (2006) developed the FMS when there was not a functional evaluation standard to make rehabilitation protocols that take into account how a patient functionally moves (p.62). The FMS is an evaluation tool that is comprised of 7 fundamental movements to assess an individual mobility and stability (Cook, et al., 2006, p.63). Observation has indicated that athletes cannot perform
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(2006) uses the fundamental movement deep squat during the Functional Movement Screen because it is a necessary movement in most athletic events. According to Cook, et al. (2006), the evaluation of the deep squat will assess both legs along with the functional movement at the hips, knees, and ankles (p.66). The ability to perform the deep squat requires closed-kinetic chain to start a sequence at the ankles, along with flexion of the knees, and hips, extension of the back, and flexion and abduction of the shoulders (Cook, et al. 2006, p.66). Execution of a proper form deep squat requires the participant to have coordination, strength, and mobility throughout their kinetic chain (Butler, et al., 2010). The results from Cook, et al. (2006) indicate that “poor performance can be caused by limited mobility in the upper torso attributed to poor shoulder mobility” (p.66). Hip or ankle instability can inhibit the successfulness of the deep squat, as well (Cook et al., 2006, p.66). Butler, et al. (2010) conducted a study with 28 participants (9 male and 19 female) investigating the biomechanics of the deep squat. The results from Butler, et al. (2010) found that participants’ stability and mobility at the ankle, knee, and hip joints correlated with their scores on the FMS. The results indicate that the differences between the three groups were from the different biomechanics that were exhibited by each group (Butler, et al., 2010, p.278). The deep squat test is a valid …show more content…
Lisman, et al., (2013) enlisted 874 Marine Corps officer candidates, that were in a 6 week (n=447) or 10 weeks (n=427) training course (p.637). The study is examining the correlation between fitness level, prior injury history, and FMS scores (Lisman, et al., 2013, p.637). According to Lisman, et al., (2013), physical fitness tests were considered to be pull ups, abdominal crunches, and a 3 mile run (p.637). The results revealed that physical fitness tests and the FMS scores correlated with the FMS tests that require a significant amount of strength, such as the deep squat and in line lunge ( Lisman, et al., 2013,p.638-639). Lisman, et al., (2013) also incorporated a questionnaire to determine a participant’s previous history of injury (p.637). The results from the questionnaire revealed that any previous history of injury leads to lower FMS scores and increase risk of re-injury (Lisman, et al., 2013, p.638-639). A limitation of this study is that the population is young and physically fit (Lisman, et al., 2013, p.641). Since this study focus on physical active military servicemen; future research should investigate the FMS scores in a non-athletic
Scibek, J. S., Gatti, J. M., & Mckenzie, J. I. (2012). Into the Red Zone. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(4), 428-434.
In the article, “Undulation Training for Development of Hierarchical Fitness and Improved Firefighter Job Performance,” a research was conducted when a critical problem emerged from the extraordinary job risks of firefighting. In this article, it was recognized that firefighting was a high risk occupation in which many activities were life threatening. Yearly incidences brought on from these life-threatening activities and conditions included cardiovascular disease from the inhalation of smoke as well as musculoskeletal injuries from the physical demands of the job. The problem was lying in the fact most fire departments were failing to adequately prepare the firefighters in terms of health and physical fitness to take on the physiologically challenging demands of the job. Now, there are contemporary training methods to boost physical fitness and cardiovascular health in order to make the firefighters “emergency prepared.” However, despite the emphasis on physiological training, previous research had shown that the traditional physical training programs were inadequate to prepare firefighters because it featured systematic physical exercises during specific mesocycles and little variety. In this research, standard resistance training, or standard training control, was compared to and put to the test against undulation training, a method to draw out a specific systematic arrangement of different physiological factors and components in order to accommodate the need for simultaneous development of physical fitness and performance needs. The purpose was to determine the influence of both types of training on muscle adaptation as well as assess how well the trainings transferred over to situations and testing areas that really utilized...
Athletic Trainers play a crucial part in today’s professional sports. They also help on lower levels of sports in high school, and college level teams. The job of an athletic trainer is simple yet very important, they are charged with treating, and preventing injuries. A trainer does this by developing therapies to reduce pain, and improve mobility (“Athletic Trainer Salaries”). They have to stand for long periods of time, work well with athletes of different sizes, move or carry equipment around, good mobility and communication skills to give instructions (“Athletic Trainer, Healthcare Program”). These trainers serve as a crucial part of an athlete getting back into their sport. Athletic trainers usually work under the direction of a physician, so they are like the Doctor’s healing hands in action.
Anderson, D. I., & Sidaway, B. (2013) Kicking biomechanics: Importance of balance. Lower Extremity Review Magazine.
The focus of this paper is mechanically and automatically break down the deadlift. It focuses on the four phases of the deadlift (The lift off, pull through, the lockout, and the lowering phase) as well as the muscles involved in lifting and lowering the load. The sole purpose of the deadlift is for health and fitness. It is a core lift that works nearly every muscle in the body. Muscles from the lower and upper extremities will go through a period of flexion and extension when moving through the phases. The deadlift should be performed safely, and with proper form to avoid injury. This paper shows and demonstrates the proper form of the deadlift. There are also a number of forces acting on the load and the athlete. Gravity and external forces will be an active part of lifting the load. Images and tables are provided in the paper to better understand the movements and muscles used when performing the deadlift.
Then, all subjects were plotted on a shared graph. One subject’s protocol was different and had different angles. This data had to be excluded from further analysis due to this. OpenSim was utilized to find the moment arm and muscle lengths at each angle. Rectus femoris and biceps femoris long head were chosen as representative muscles for extension and flexion, respectively.
People have created a hectic and busy world, that includes careers and daily activities that require physical activity. While attempting to attain the required physical conditioning, people often take chances with their personal health as they try to stretch their physical limits. Sometimes, people can surpass their current limits and form new boundaries; however, other times people are not so fortunate. These unfortunate times often lead to injury, including workplace accidents, sporting incidents, disease afflictions, as well as others; any or all of which could bring about the need of rehabilitation services. Many of these require physical therapy, which includes assisting injured or otherwise impaired patients as they recover to their pre-injury status or to recover as much as is physically possible. The field of physical therapy is a choice career for those who enjoy helping people recover from injury, and the following text will provide reason for choosing this profession.
This skill involves jumping in the sagittal plane about the transverse axis. It consists of hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints. In the preparation phase in propulsion, the subject has flexed knees and hips which will need to be straightened by the strength of their corresponding joints such as the hinge joint at the knee joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that bears the body weight and allows for jumping motion. During th...
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
Creative new training methods, developed by coaches, athletes and sport scientists, are aimed to help improve the quality and quantity of athletic training ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). However, these methods have encountered a consistent set of barriers including overtraining ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). Due to these barriers, the need for physical and mental recovery in athletics brought an increasing attention in practice and in research ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1).
Lee SE, Cho SH. The effect of McConnell taping on vastus medialis and lateralis activity during squatting in adults with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 2013;9(2):326-330
The purpose of the squat is to train the muscles around the knees and hip joints, as well as to develop strength in the lower back, for execution of basic skills required in many sporting events and activities of daily living. Because a strong and stable knee is extremely important to an athlete or patient’s success, an understanding of knee biomechanics while performing the squat is helpful to therapists, trainers, and athletes alike (11). Because most activities of daily living require the coordinated contraction of several muscle groups at once, and squatting (a multi-joint movement) is one of the few strength training exercises that is able to effectively recruit multiple muscle groups in a single movement, squats are considered one of the most functional and efficient weight-bearing exercises whether an individual’s goals are sport specific or are for an increased quality of life
Any progress in physical fitness can help boost your capacity when working as well as the ability to respond effectively in an emergency situation.
Physical training is a very essential part of the army culture. Physical fitness has a direct influence on their combat readiness which also ties into needing to be mentally and physically tough. Being physically fit allows you to be productive and also gives you the opportunity to enjoy even the little things in life. It also allows you to be able to adapt and survive through tough living conditions. Having the proper diet and exercise can improve a person’s quality of life. Maintaining a high level of fitness helps you perform at higher levels throughout your life. Healthy muscles are less susceptible to to injury, less likely to tear and give in to stress. Which is why it’s important to take care of your body. Soldiers who don’t meet military fitness standards risk being discharged or maybe disciplinary actions.