Proactive Advocacy In Nursing

Nursing Advocacy

Nursing advocacy is a professional obligation and the standard of practice expected by the Ontario College of Nurses (CNO, 2009). The concept of advocacy is enshrined into the code of professional ethics that nurses “must promote the interests of clients in their care” (CNO 2009). To meet this standard the nurse must first ensure a deep understanding of advocacy and how it relates to the nursing profession. Advocacy in nursing is a concept that can be first seen in the early work of nursing theorist Florence Nightingale and her plight to protect the safety of patients through autonomous nursing actions (Goldie, 1987). Although the concept of advocacy had been presented in early nursing theory, the term “advocacy” had not been

“Patient advocacy is a process that involves a series of actions, behaviors and/or practices for preserving and safeguarding the rights, values, wellbeing and best interests of patients in the healthcare system” (Vaarito et al 2006, Bu and Jezewski 2007, Zomorodi and Foley 2009). Vaartio & Leino-Kilpi describe patient advocacy into two sectors; proactive advocacy and reactive advocacy (2004). Proactive advocacy includes actions aimed at aiding the patients in informed decision making and the protection of patient rights; reactive advocacy is focused on addressing safety concerns (Vaartio & Leino-Kilpi, 2004). Further concept analyses from Baldwin 2003 & Bu and Jezewski 2007, include four main sectors of patient advocacy: Protecting and empowering patient autonomy, protecting and representing the best interests of vulnerable patients, ensuring educated decision making while acting as a mediator for the patient to healthcare services, and lastly acting upon social justice to help create equitable access to adequate healthcare (CPD, 2015). Using Tanners model of clinical judgment; the process of patient advocacy begins with assessing for the need to advocate. The assessment should include the patient, environment, situation, resources and possible risks (Ellis

The need for advocacy is most often first noticed by the nurse through empathy. When nurses are able to empathize with their patients it begins the process of advocacy. When the nurse empathizes with their patient an altruistic attitude towards the patient grows, this improves caring and caring is essentially an innate form of professional ethics. The want to advocate by the nurse is greatly enhanced when the nurse truly cares about the patient; which is best developed through empathy. The want to advocate for the patient by the nurse is the biggest factor in positive advocacy outcomes (Reed, F., et. all, 2016). Professional caring combines caring and empathy with nursing knowledge and competency; together these factors enable the nurse to serve as a capable moral agent for their patient within the healthcare system. It is not possible to advocate for a patient properly without being first able to empathize and create a therapeutic nurse-client