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Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
Chapter 7 the cell cycle and cell division
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A Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.
Another difference between the two cells is that, in prokaryotic cells there is cytoplasmic movement; however there is no cytoplasmic movement in eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell: have no membrane covered organelles, they also have circular DNA and bacteria, Eukaryotic cell: have membrane covered organelles, they also have linear DNA and all other cells. Also the cell cycle is short in prokaryotic cells, roughly taking about 20-26 minutes to complete. And in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is long, it usually takes about 12-24 hours to complete. Below is a table of some of the differences between the cells:
The nucleus is often the largest organelle found in a Eukaryotic cell with a size of 10-20 un. It is surrounded by two membrane layers which can be identified on the diagram below. Within the nucleus structure are small pores with a size of 100un in diameter. These pores together make up around one third of the nuclear membrane surface area.
The nucleus contains genetic material that controls all the activities within a cell. A nucleus is made up of D...
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Function of lysosomes:
- Breaks large molecules into small molecules by inserting a molecule of water into the chemical bonding.
This organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plants and other organisms. In the structure, the chloroplasts has a double membrane, the outer membrane has a continuous boundary. This organelle can be found in a vast group of organelles called the plastid, chloroplasts are usually found in many plant cells but never in animal cells. Chloroplasts organelles are large; they are 4-10um long and 2-3um wide. They are very important to plants because chloroplasts are what plants use to create food from sunlight. Chloroplasts are not found in humans.
Structure of chloroplasts:
- made up of a double layer of modified membrane
Function of chloroplasts:
- Site of photosynthesis in plants and other similar organisms
There are many different cells that do many different things. But all of these cells fall into two categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and are larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Two of their similarities are they both have DNA as their genetic material and are covered by a cell membrane.
Eukaryotic Cells are Deemed as a Result of the Evolution of Symbiotic Prokaryotes Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells over time have sustained very dynamic changes from one another. More specifically we have seen the appearance of a more complicated and organized cell structure, the nucleus. However the big question amongst scientists today is how did these changes first occur? A fundamental concept of this evolution is the belief in the natural progression 'from the simple, to the more complex.' However one popular theory that argues that Prokaryotic symbiosis was responsible for forming the Eukaryotic nucleus is the 'Endosymbiotic Theory' this theory was first proposed by a former Boston University Biologist known as Lynn Margulis in the 1960's.
Cell cycle events portray some differences between different living things. In all the three living things, their cells divide, a process referred to as mitosis. The mitosis stage differs and it encompasses four phases. During development, the cell cycle functions endlessly with newly created daughter cells directly embarking on their path to mitosis. Bacteria cells separate forming two cells after every thirty minutes under favorable conditions. However, the eukaryotic cells take quite longer compared to bacteria cells to develop and divide. Nevertheless, in both animals and plants, cell cycle is usually highly regulated to prevent imbalanced and excessive growth. Both animals and plants are known as eukaryotes meaning that their DNA exists inside their cells’ nuclei. Therefore, their cells as well as mitotic processes are similar in various ways (Eckardt, 2012).
parts, and each part has its own job. The nucleus of a cell is very similar
A Prokaryote is a single cell organisms that does not have a nucleus, which is divided into two major groups: archaeabacteria and bacteria. Prokaryotes are usually found in three common structures, such as bacillus is rod shaped, crocus is spherical-shaped, and spirillum is long shape. Although there are prokaryotes that are responsible for diseases there are also good types of bacteria that we need. Prokaryotes provide essential services to biological systems for instance food and agriculture.
The nucleus is a organelle that controls all life activities, especially reproduction. In a basketball stadium, the head coach is like the nucleus. The head coach controls everything that happens especially what his team does. This is how the
The nucleus is one of the most important organelles in a eukaryotic cell. The shape of the nucleus is generally spherical, it should be oval, disc formed reckoning on the sort of cell. The nucleus was found by Robert Brown in 1831 while he was looking at orchids under a microscope. He discovered a blurred area in the cells of the flowers and called it the areola or the nucleus.
Both prokaryotes and protists have negative and positive impacts on humans. Prokaryotes and protists are both used in a variety of ways by humans today. They can affect humans in the way of disease, which can be deadly, but also help humans with environmental issues too. Also, both provide food sources for humans which are beneficial.
Only eukaryotic cells contain a cell nucleus, and each cell only has one nucleus. The nucleus takes up about 10% of the cell’s space, which is the most recognizable feature within a cell. The cell nucleus has a double membrane of its own called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has nuclear pores on it to allow only specific items such as RNA and proteins to pass through the nucleus. When the cell is not going through reproduction or in its resting state, the nucleus contains chromatin. Chromatin contains DNA, RNA and nuclear proteins (Harold). The DNA is tightly packed into the chromatin with
Cells are able to grow and reproduce. Cells reproduce by splitting and passing on their genes (hereditary information) to Daughter cells. The nucleus always divides before the rest of the cell divides. Therefore each daughter cell contains their own nucleus. The nucleus controls the cells activities through the genetic material DNA. The cells in a body are all the same except the gametes they were all made from one cell, the Zygote. This is the cell that was formed when two gametes from your parents fused.
In the most general terms, the nucleus is the command center of a eukaryotic cell. Although the origin of the organelle is unclear, it is believed that it is derived from a symbiosis relationship between a bacterium and an archaea (Martin W. 2005). Being the main hub for the inner workings of a cell involves different functions overall. These nucleic functions are determined by the genes within the DNA of the cell. Functions of the cell are also regulate by soluble proteins that come in and out of the cell via the membranes and specific channels or the nuclear pore complexes. The overall objectives of the nucleus include; gene expression, compartmentalization, and processing pre-mRNA. The functions of the organelles and sub-regions
The nucleus is the largest structure in a cell; however some cells may have more than one nucleus such as red blood cell whilst cells such as bacteria cells have no nucleus. The nucleus being one of the most important parts of a cell is found in the middle of the cell containing DNA; the DNA is like the control room of each cell, giving orders to the cell; telling the cell to grow, die etc. The nucleus is then covered by a nucleus envelope; this envelope gives protection to the DNA which is inside the nucleus, the nucleus envelope also disconnects the nucleus from the rest of the cell. The nucleus in the animal cell also controls the animal’s cell growth, reproduction and metabolism.
One of the major pieces of evidence, is that both mitochondria and plastids use a process similar to binary fission to replicate on their own time, independent of their host cells. Binary fission is the process by which cells split to produce an identical copy of the original cells. Binary fission is an example of asexual reproduction (reproduction performed by a single organism). The performing of binary fission is not found in eukaryote cells. Since prokaryote cells reproduce asexually using binary fission, it seems feasible that the mitochondria and chloroplast were at one-time prokaryote cells. A second distinct piece of evidence that supports the endosymiotic theory is that both mitochondria and chloroplast have many morphological (structure) features similar to those of prokaryotes. For one, both mitochondria and chloroplast contain two outer membranes. The inner resembles that of a prokaryote while outer membrane resembles that of a eukaryotic cell. A second structural feature the endomsymbionts share with prokaryote cells is that they contain circular chromosomes rather then the linear chromosomes found in eukaryotes. A third structural feature that prokaryotes have in common with mitochondria and plastids is the similarity of their ribosomes (structures capable of performing protein production). The ribosomes in prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplast are more similar in size to one another, then the
Cells were first discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek. He coined the term cell. After cells were discovered the cell theory came out which states. All living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the smallest unit of organized life. When Van Leeuwenhoek first discovered cells he described them as looking like monk's cell room. There are two main types of cell Prokaryotes cells and Eukaryotes cells. Eu means true. Eukaryote cells have a true nucleus. Kary means nucleus. Cyto means cell. Prokaryote and Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Pro means before. Prokaryotes came before eukaryotes which means they are primitive. Prokaryotes are bigger than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes include several kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria. Eukaryotes include microorganisms as fungi, protozoa, and simple algae. Virus cells often consist of just a nucleic acid either DNA or RNA in a protein capsule. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characteristics of living things, except the ability to replicate (which they accomplish only in living cells).