The Neuman Systems Model

The Neuman Systems Model applies a comprehensive and holistic approach to the care of patients based on the five variables. According to Parker and Smith (2010), the Neuman System Model is described as, “wellness orientation, client perception and motivation, and a dynamic systems perspective of energy and variable interaction with the environment to mitigate possible harm from internal and external stressors” (p. 183). The patient/ family are the client system and interrelate with the five variables namely; the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual beliefs. The Neuman System Model has been used in diverse settings such as, in critical nursing, psychiatric nursing, gerontological nursing, and for teaching purposes. In the United States, “the model is used to guide practice with clients with acute and chronic health problems” (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 192).

As further explained by Parker and Smith (2010), the client system is the core: a person, individual, or community and the core interact with the flexible lines of defense, the normal lines of defense, and the lines of resistance. The client system is constantly affected by internal and external stressors. The goal of nurses in applying the Neuman System Model is, “to maximizing the quality of life lived, maintaining the highest level of independence possible, and preventing exacerbations of the on-going illness” (Ebersole, Hess, Touhy, Jett, and Luggen, 2008, p. 258).

Mrs. J is a 79-year-old African-American female client, who lives with her husband in a wheelchair accessible home. She has always been a home maker, enjoys cooking the family meals, and raising the grandchildren. Mrs. J is a mother of three children with great family...

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...discipline such as, the social worker, dietician, pastoral care, and oxygen supply companies to ensure that all the needed services and resources are available and delivered to Mrs. J’s home. The length of time a service will be provided is coordinated and appropriate referrals are made to the physical and occupational therapist, oxygen delivery, meals on wheels, and visitation by home health nurses. Information about services and resources for reimbursement and payment to the different agencies and insurances companies are coordinated by the case manager for Mrs. J. As illustrated, “the nurse case manager realizes this goal by organizing rehabilitation and other necessary healthcare services to promote outcomes for the individual that will encourage the highest possible level of independence and quality of life” (Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation, 2010, p. 1).