Currently, there are three general models defining the EI construct which can be categorized into either the “abilities” model or the “mixed” model. The “abilities” model (Salovey & Mayer) refers to EI as a cognitive ability, much alike that of IQ, whereas the “mixed” model (Bar-On; Goleman) refers to EI as a combination of cognitive ability and personality traits.
2.1.1 Peter Salovey and John Mayer Model (1997)
According to Salovey and Mayer, EI is defined as “the capacity to reason about emotions, and of emotions to enhance thinking. It includes the abilities to accurately perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth” (Mayer, Caruso & Salovey, 1999). Their model constitutes four branches (table 1):
Category Branches Properties
Experiential 1 Emotional Perception Recognize and express emotions precisely
2 Using Emotions to Facilitate Thought Use emotions to aid cognitive processing, e.g. prioritize thinking towards truly important matter, produce multiple perspectives, etc
Strategic 3 Understanding Emotions Understand messages, similarities and differences behind one’s emotions, complex emotions and transitions between messages
4 Managing Emotions Regulate emotions and not be controlled, being open and able to deal with any emotion, connect and disconnect at will so as to think and act rationally
2.1.2 Reuven Bar-On (2006)
The Bar-On model consists of “a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills and facilitators that determine how effectively we understand and express ourselves, understand others and relate with them, and cop...
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...ould a follower ask for help, a compassionate leader will help at all costs. But this removes the opportunity for a follower to grow and at the same time, might overwhelm the leader if he chooses to help even if he does not have the spare time to do so. As such, I will choose to “turn on” my compassionate empathy at appropriate times.
4. Limitations
With all that said, I wonder if there truly is a need for high EI at the highest level (Antonakis, 2004). For instance, if a general was highly sensitive and empathetic to casualties sustained in war, would he then not choose to surrender to prevent more deaths? What about in negotiations? What levels of empathy are required to ensure a win-win deal? Furthermore, having over-empathy can lead to dangerous over-altruism and emotional burnouts when a leader is expected to maintain a cool head especially in troubled times.
Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage individual’s emotions. Also one should be able to recognize other people emotions to help improve their life. Goleman shares five elements to the theory, which are self-regulation, awareness of your own feelings, motivation, empathy, and social skills. Having self-regulation gives people the ability to recover form emotional distress and manage one’s emotion. Motivation helps one stay in the task they want to fulfill. Empathy is the awareness of what others are feeling and social skills is the ability to cooperate with people. All of the elements are used to make individuals to be a better person, to complete their goals and bring others on track. This can bring great change to an individual at any given moment in their life and help them develop as a better
Compassion is empathy and caring in action (Boyatzis & McKee, 2005). The three components of caring is: (a). Understanding of, and empathy for, others’ feelings and experiences (b). Caring for others (c). Willingness to act on those feelings of care and empathy (McKee, A., 2006, p. 4). Because leaders have influence over people, compassion is a necessity as it enables leaders to connect with others beyond the surface. Genuinely caring for others is for those on the giving and receiving ends. Similar to leadership, some people are “naturally”
(2013) separated emotional intelligence into four domains, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management (pp. 30, 38). These domains are then broken into two competencies. Self-awareness, the understanding of one 's emotions and being clear about one 's purpose, and self-management, the focused drive and emotional self-control, make up the personal competence (pp. 39, 45-46). While social awareness, or empathy and service, and relationship management, the handling of other people 's emotions, make up the social competence (pp. 39, 48, 51). These emotional intelligence competencies are not innate talents, but learned abilities, each of which contribute to making leaders more resonant and effective (p. 38). This is good news for me because I still have much to develop in regards to emotional
(Yoder-Wise, 2015, p. 7). Emotional intelligence involves managing the emotions of others while owning personal emotions. According to Skholer, “Researchers define emotional intelligence (EI) as the ability to recognize/monitor one’s own and other people’s emotions, to differentiate between different feelings, and to use emotional information to guide thinking, behavior, and performance.” (Skholer & Tziner, 2017).
Emotional Intelligence, also known as ‘EI’, is defined as the ability to recognize, authoritize and evaluate emotions. The ability to control and express our own emotions is very important but so is our ability to understand, interpret and respond to the emotions of others. To be emotionally intelligent one must be able to perceive emotions, reason with emotions, understand emotions and manage emotions.
There are four main factors identified in emotional intelligence. The first is the perceiving of emotions, which involves the initial understanding of emotions in order to perceive them accurately (Parker et al, 2013). In most cases, it could involve the comprehension of facial expressions and body language. The second factor is reasoning with emotions, which involves the use of perceived emotions in the promotion of cognitive and thinking activity. An individual’s emotions have a critical role to play in their prioritization of what they pay attention to, as well as react to. Te next factor is the understanding of emotions, which involves how the individual interprets the perceived emotions. The individual will be required to, for example, interpret why another individual is expressing emotions of anger. The final factor is the management of emotions, which refers to a person’s ability to manage effectively their own emotions (Parker et al, 2013). Regulation of emotion, appropriate response, and how one responds to other people’s emotions is fundamental aspects of EI.
Emotional intelligence: This is most difficult concept to understand and master. This is the ability of the individual to manage the emotions of their own and of others. It can also be termed as “steer smarts” which is mostly possessed by executives of the company in order to maintain the relationship within the company as well as with the stakeholders. There are four important features of EI models are:
The scope of emotional intelligence includes the verbal and nonverbal appraisal and expression of emotion, the regulation of emotion in the self and others, and the utilization of emotional content in problem solving. (pp. 433)
This test had two parts; a self- report portion and an ability portion. The test assessed my ability to recognize the emotions of others and my own (“Emotional Intelligence Test”, n.d., Summary). My overall assessment results for the Emotional Intelligence Test was 119. According to the assessment, I am able to comprehend and respond to emotions. Although I have some understanding in emotional intelligence, the test highlighted areas in which improvements were needed. In the next section I will review my development with EI in relation to the following domains: relationship , tolerance, flexibility, self-management, and emotional
In the early 80s, the concept of social intelligence resurfaces under the theory of multiple intelligences presented by Howard Gardner in which interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences were included. Interpersonal intelligence was defined as having the ability to understand the feelings of others, whereas intrapersonal intelligence focuses on understanding one’s own emotions (Cartwri...
Emotional Intelligence is this ability for yourself to recognize and understand emotions for yourself and those around you. This ability helps you manage your behavior and relationships to get a better perspective for others. We citizens all have emotions, we use it all the time. It affects how we manage behavior, navigate social skills, and makes personal decisions that achieve great positive results. Of course we need to dig into the bottom of how it works, this ability is made up of four core skills that are made up with two primary sources: personal competence and social competence. How these two work is simple, personal competence is basically made up for your self-awareness and self-management skills (self-awareness is your ability to
Goleman D.(2001) An EI-based theory of performance, The emotionally intelligent workplace: how to select for, measure, and improve emallenge emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations, Jossey-Bass Ch.3
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is the ability to be aware of, control, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically. In this essay I’m going to explain the history of, benefits of, and detrimental results of having emotional intelligence. I am also going to explain how to increase emotional intelligence, the future of emotional intelligence, and how it has helped me overcome many problems in my life.
Emotional intelligence is where we control and manage our emotions to relieve stress and to empathize with others. EI will allow us to to see what others are going through with their emotions.
The concept of Emotional Intelligence was developed for the first time by two American university professors Peter Salovey and John Mayer, they concluded that people with high emotional quotient are supposed to learn more quickly due to their ability. In their article on Emotional Intelligence, they have defined Emotional Intelligence as “the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one 's own and others ' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one 's thinking and actions”. (Salovey & Mayer, 1990; Mayer & Salovey, 1993) but subsequently Salovey and Mayer came up with more simplified definition of Emotional Intelligence which means it is “The ability to perceive emotion,