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The evolution of theoretical counselling frameworks
Importance of counselling theories
Historical development in counseling
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Recommended: The evolution of theoretical counselling frameworks
There are many different types of counselling theories and they can have both positive and negative effects on a client, depending on their past, emotions and current state of mind. Depending on their age, some theories may have more of an impact than others and this is up to the councilors discretion to decide which theories to implement on each client. The councilor may have to alter each theory for each client, but through research and trials, they can find which theories work best for them in each situation. Play therapy and person-centered therapy can both be used on the same and different clients and can both have a great impact on the improvement of the client. It is up to the councilor to decide which of the many methods they choose …show more content…
In relationship play therapy, the primary goal is the emotional relationship between the therapist and the child. There is no focus on the past experiences at the time, just the feelings and reactions in the moment are what is the most important for this theory (Landreth, 2012). As for group play therapy, it offers a powerful therapeutic intervention and a more compelling milieu than in individual therapy. Group play therapy combines the importance of play, with the benefits of group counselling. Group play therapy offers improvement of social skills, self-regulation and conflict resolution to the children and youth and offers increased motivation to play and express themselves when playing with other children. (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor, 2015). Group play therapy is recommended for children who may have presenting concerns, various life experiences, exposed to domestic violence, abuse, or other traumatic events. This process allows for the therapist who’s in charge of the group to learn about the social and emotional development in the children, and to see the interactions and patterns in the group members (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor, …show more content…
According to Shebib, 2014, “he believed in the importance of seeing each other as “becoming” and created a belief in the capacity of people to change”. He believed his clients are not bound by their past and that clients must be seen for their potential, their strengths, inner power and their capacity to change (Shebib, 2014). Rogers had his own methods, and they were based on the premise that if the right or core conditions are present, then change is possible. He also said that core conditions act to speed the natural process of heeling or recovery from psychological pain or problem (Shebib, 2014). When a councilor displays these core conditions, the potential for change and a positive relationship with clients increase. The three core conditions Rogers had been unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness (Shebib, 2014). This theory also proposed that the therapeutic relationship is the guidance in counselling (Stulmaker & Ray, 2015). Person centered theory offers a new way of looking at a person and their development, as well as how someone can be assisted in their change. This theory allows for the client to make their own changes in the right conditions, and to allow them to have their own thoughts on themselves, and not the opinion of others (Capuzzi, & Stauffer 2016). This allows for the client to have their own confidence letting them grow in
Person- centered therapy is more of a psychotherapeutic than psychodynamic model that goes over what empowers people in more of a depth comprehensive way. Rogers believed that one should focus on their own current interpretation of a situation rather than another’s interpretation. He believed that being genuine and empathic to the client helps get to the root of a confrontation and makes it easier to help the person become nostalgic and problem-less. Rogers and Maslow theories are similar but Roger’s theory doesn’t have such a simplicity stage model like Maslow. Nevertheless, both helped the actualization of one’s true self-become easier for
This approach emphasizes the importance of the potential of humans and sought to make up for the missing component of conscious in the psychodynamic approach. The humanistic approach oriented psychologist has the belief that human behavior is guided by intent and the individual’s set of values (Association, 2014). Those who subscribe to this orientation believe there are both an unconscious and a conscious element to determining behavior. The unconscious element is considered to be the individual’s application of learned norms and experience, while the conscious element is applied by making deliberate choices and decisions. A humanistic oriented practitioner will use differing types of therapy such as client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, or existential therapy (American Psychological, 2015). Client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers and places the client as the leader of the therapy. This approach allows for the growth and better understanding of self within the individual, as they solve their own problems, while the therapist is there to provide empathetic support (Australian, 2010). Gestalt therapy focuses on the responsibility of the individual for their current situation and considers relationships, environment, and social experiences occurring, and influencing behavior (Polster & Polster, 2010). This process consists of the practitioner acting as a guide and offer advise in helping the client to deal with their current issue. Existential therapy consists of allowing an individual the ability to live with their issues within their own existence (Price, 2011). This means a therapist uses this type of therapy to assist clients with understanding what the present problem is and learning to deal with the consequences of that issue in their every day life. With
Structured play therapy is a form of play therapy that is directive and uses planned, structured activities in almost every session. Release play therapy was developed in by David Levy, and was expanded by Gove Hambidge into what we now consider structured play therapy (Menassa, 2009). Child-centered play therapy (CCPT) has roots in Carl Roger’s person-centered theory, holding the belief that children inherently strive towards self-actualization and self-directed healing (Menassa, 2009). Both CCTP and structured play therapy believe that play is children’s intrinsic communication, and a means through which children expresses and can resolve emotions and challenges in a developmentally appropriate way (Menassa, 2009). In this paper, I will compare how structured play therapists and child-centered play therapists approach the overarching goal of therapy, the therapeutic role, the therapeutic relationship, and the structure of the therapy.
To explain, the client should not be inferior to the counselor; the environment should be two people discussing an issue and ways to make a difference. A therapist should occasionally share similar experiences; therefore, sessions should make clients feel comfortable. To add, the client should feel safe due to the positive atmosphere the therapist brings to the session. The goal is to finally give the client a chance to be heard, regularly people are muted and feel like they are insignificant to society. Similarly, to Person-centered therapy where communication with the client is unconditionally positive. The therapist needs to genuinely care about the client needs for them to fully express themselves successfully. Furthermore, clients should be encouraging to make their own choices which model how to identify and use power responsibly. Hence, this will help the client feel more confident in everyday life when making a meaningful
Playing may seem like such a modest task, that cannot possibly change a child’s health or mental status. However, play therapy has transformed the world of pediatric nursing, it is an essential part of any child’s treatment. Play therapy is a form of counselling in which play is used as means of helping children express or communicate their feelings. Play therapy began in 1965, by a therapist trying to gain access to a child’s inner life and trust. Nurses later discovered that play therapy could be used as a nursing intervention to gain the trust of their small patients and help in the difficult process of being hospitalized. It is known that children’s mental health decline while being hospitalized, using
In the 1940s Carl Rogers was well on his way to revolutionizing the state of traditional, directive psychotherapy and pioneering what would soon become the person-centered approach. Although Rogers strayed from the psychological mainstream’s view that therapists drive their clients recovery through such mediums as advice, direction, teaching and interpretation he still believed that the therapist’s role was crucial, and it was their attributes that paved the way to increased awareness and self-directed change.
When I first read the title of this book, Person-Centred Counselling in Action, it seems very interesting. This book is based on British community. The term ‘Counseling’ in Britain means ‘Psychotherapy’ in America. They use the term ‘counseling’ by confining their selves to relatively short-term therapeutic relationships (Mearns & Thorns, 2013). My personal reaction to Mearns and Thorns’ theory includes several concepts that I would like to implement in my career. After reading the book, I realize their theory is based on Rogers’ theory, Client-centered therapy. They quote Rogers’ terms to explain what it means and develop their own meanings.
Play therapy is conducted by psychologist to retrieve a specific therapeutic purposes, while therapeutic play (implemented by an individual) utilizes normal play to guide natural coping mechanism in facing traumatic events. She describes how instructional play is utilized in helping school aged children, whose development is best filtered through fantasy or magical thinking (Ponte, et.al, 2015). Thus, Ponte aims to uncover rather the introduction of a toy (as the means of communication between the child and professional) will lessen anxiety and change visible behaviors in this
The basis of his therapy were:” (1) two person are in emotional contact, (2) one of them called the client; is troubled,(3) the therapist show genuineness and congruence in the relationship, (4) the therapist experience and displays unconditional positive regard for the client, (5) the therapist achieves and expresses and empathic understanding of the client, (6)the client perceives the genuineness, positive regards and empathy of the therapist” (Moss, 1998, Rogers, 1961). Rogers believed if this conditions were created the client will be able to establish self-actualize in his/her self-defined path. (Moss, 1998)
In conclusion, Person-Centered therapy has been criticized in terms of having an overly optimistic view of individuals and not having a structured set of techniques. As previously mentioned, Rogers believed that the client had the power to choose the direction of the therapy and to ultimately find the solution to their underlying problem. With regard to the useful theory criteria, Rogers's theory has successfully generated research inside and outside the realm of psychotherapy, such as the field of education and positive psychology. Furthermore, because his theory is one of the few that is structured in an "if-then" framework, it lacks concrete empirical research. In addition, his work created a new atmosphere for the client and therapist and
The therapist can then develop the correct course of treatment for the client’s individual needs (Gerig, 2007).
Carl Rogers developed person centered therapy, also known as client centered, non-directive or Rogerian therapy, in the 1930s. The person centered therapy, differs than other typical formal therapy, against directive and psychanalytic approach. Rogers believed that the therapy should take place where there is a close personal relationship between the client and the therapist. Rogers rejected the traditional hierarchical relationship between the client and therapist, and view the clients as equals by using the term “client” instead of “patient”. In person-centered therapy, the client determines the general direction of the therapy while the therapist ask informal clarifying question to promote client’s self-insight and self-understanding.
The purpose of this paper is to educate and influence others on therapy that may enhance their life style. Play therapy may not be for everyone, but it is a great way to understand a child’s train of thought. When asked how is their day going you might get a one or two-word response. But, when asked what would you like to play, you might have the child’s full, undivided, attention, which is the child’s natural way of communication. Play therapy can be traced back to B.C. times, it has many tools that are used to treat the children and families. This choice of treatment may determine, the initial characteristics of the patient’s transference in advanced. One has to be certified to assist these children and to diagnose. This therapy treatment
Lastly, therapeutic play will “help children think and express themselves through difficult events” (Burns-Nader & Hernandez-Reif, 2016). This type of play focuses on enhancing coping skills and is very organized and controlled. Playing with dolls is an example of therapeutic play. Child Life focuses on assessing the child’s needs and therefore all three types of play are encouraged for children. The goal is to assist with children’s coping skills, largely through these three types of
Client is expected to be part of their currently situations, so the counselor can guide the client using therapeutic techniques. Client will have the experience and express her concerns. Client that is less to open up on their current situation will have less to talk about. Clients that open up will have more of the positive experience of using person-centered. Client needs to participate in order to accomplish the treatment. Ana needs to be present in therapy session as much as possible to revel herself and feel comfortable. The counselor will not control the behavior of the client; the counselor is there to provide personal