Historical Context
The historical context of humanistic originated in the Middle Ages where the philosophy if human is was developed. Achievement of self-realization was a choice for individuals through rational thought and reasoning was considered the belief of philosophy. This movement initiated in the 15th century in Europe with individuals that lacked an opened mind which were religious dogma scholars of the church and philosophers (Schultz & Schultz, 2011). In the mid-1950s modern humanistic psychology emerged, due to the response of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Unlike other schools of thought humanistic focused on individuals as wholes, which are more significantly comprehended in their environment.
Determinism was the emphasis
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He was considered one of the most influential therapist of the 20th century. Carl Rogers was considered a humble, caring respectful individual who identified value in all people. He was often defined as fully functioning person and the theory he represents and identifies. The healthy development of individuals is how they perceived themselves. He theorized that congruence is when a healthy individual is able to sense who they are (self) and who they want to be (ideal self). Rogers also elaborates that individuals will not be at “perfect” congruence through all periods of live, but the degree of congruence is utilized as an indicator of health (Rogers, 1961. Researchers utilized self-assessment technique defined as Q-Sort which is used to measure …show more content…
The basis of his therapy were:” (1) two person are in emotional contact, (2) one of them called the client; is troubled,(3) the therapist show genuineness and congruence in the relationship, (4) the therapist experience and displays unconditional positive regard for the client, (5) the therapist achieves and expresses and empathic understanding of the client, (6)the client perceives the genuineness, positive regards and empathy of the therapist” (Moss, 1998, Rogers, 1961). Rogers believed if this conditions were created the client will be able to establish self-actualize in his/her self-defined path. (Moss, 1998)
Rogers’s second fundamental belief was theory of conditions for healthy growth, where the role of therapist is considered fundamental with coordinating the healthy growth (Rogers, 1961). Person- centered therapy was a process Roger’s defined as therapist provide openness, empathy and unconditional positive regard. Rogers considered this to non-directive therapy due to therapist “mirror” the clients thought s and feelings (Rogers,
Learning about Client Centered Therapy has opened my eyes to counseling. Roger’s theory of actualizing tendency and theory of self expanded my knowledge of my own self-concept as well as counseling. Rogers explained that every person has an innate drive to self-actualize. In many instances, loved ones put conditions for worth on him/her, which causes incongruence for the person. He/she begins to loose trust in his/her organismic valuing process. By understanding this concept, I am more inclined to stay true to my organismic valuing process. I have trust in my innate ability to lead myself in direction to self-actualizing. It may be challenging when others put conditions of worth on me, but understanding the concept may help me stay true to
As this book points out, and what I found interesting, the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client, can be even more important than how the therapy sessions are conducted. A therapists needs to be congruent. This is important because a client needs a sense of stability. To know what is expected from him or her while being in this transitional period of change. In some cases this congruency may be the only stability in his life, and without it, there is no way of him trusting in his t...
The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that humans have the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
In the second part of the book Rogers speaks of his ideas of his theory of the person-centered approach to therapy. This is the part of the book that I felt really spoke to me. Person-centered theory is a lot of what I would like to do. I enjoy the ideas and concepts that Rogers presents in his theory. I think that it is extremely important to be able to take into consideration not only the diagnosis of the patient/client with whom you are working, but that it is more important to be able to take the time to sit back and to listen to them. I have realized in the year that I have been working in the psychiatric hospital how important it is for the patient/client to just sit back and listen to what it is they're saying to you. This however does not mean I am only hearing their words, but that I am listening at a much deeper level and actually he...
Carl Rogers was a psychotherapist who, in the early part of the twentieth century, developed the concept of client-centered psychotherapy. He was a great proponent of the scientific method and was one of the first to incorporate it into psychotherapy. His person-centered approach to psychotherapy entailed an unconditional acceptance between client and counselor. And with all this said, I still find it phenomenal, yet suspicious, that a therapist can listen to an individual without interjections and still assist in improving the individual by making them a person. Rogers felt that the role of the counselor, instructor or any other individual who was responsible for the developing personal maturity in another, was to help that person become fully-functional.
His contributions to human behavior have changed many of the theories that preceded him, and his theory contributed to many theories that followed. I want to explore Client/Person Centered Therapy. This is a type of therapy that was pioneered by Carl Rogers. This therapy is different because as the name suggests it solely focuses on the client. ' In focusing on the client, the client’s feelings are deeply explored.
Carl Rogers and George Kelly's Views on Nature and Development Many consider the science of psychology an attempt to create a comprehensive theory of personality and therefore be able to explain why people are alike in some ways and different in others (Jourard, 1974). In so doing, varying schools of thought have evolved. Carl Rogers and George Kelly have been deemed by peers as having similar overall views regarding personality, but practicing different methods (Pervin, 1989).Their approaches to personality can be defined as humanistic, which describes the view of accepting the 'human qualities' of the individual; that man is born with an inherent potential for self-actualization (Hergenhahn & Olsen, 1999). Such an approach steers away from the idea that man is a robot, who is the total product of outside forces, as the Behaviourist would maintain; or that man simply results from the interaction of primal drives and the demands of community, a belief held by many Freudians. This paper will begin with a comparison of Kelly’s and Rogers’ theories of the nature and development of personality and will continue with a recommendation as to which therapist would be best suited to an 18 year old after a major life change.
The therapist tries to provide the client with a safe, responsive, and caring relationship to develop self-exploration, growth, and healing. (Corey, pg. 177) Person-centered therapy core is that all humans are trustworthy and positive. That people can make changes in the way they live and have effective lives, and try to strive toward self-actualization. The reason for this therapeutic type is to strive towards the right growth conditions for the client, and to help a client move forward and fulfill their creative nature. The main theorist behind person-centered therapy is humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Person-centered, or client-centered therapy, is a therapeutic framework established by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s ( Rogers, 1965; Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). Rogers (1965) argued that all human beings possess an inherent urge, or actualizing tendency, to maintain and amplify their emotion, physiological, and societal well-being. By doing so, humans propel themselves towards effectiveness and greater welfare, allowing them to shift from control by external influences to control from internal influences. Furthermore, Rogers (1965) believed that reality was a largely subjective experience. As such, people behave and feel the way that they do based off of the feedback of others within this perceived reality; this includes gender roles, racial identity, and religious orientation.
Person-Centred Counselling established its origins in the late 1940 during a conference when Carl Rogers gave a talk entitled ‘New Concepts in Psychotherapy’. The summarisation of the talk resulted in the theory that the client in a counselling relationship should be at the center of the relationship and lead the counselling process. The Client, in effect became the expert on their life and/or problems. The fundamental belief is that an individual is capable of change, growth and fulfillment (self-concept). Person-Centred counselling looks at ‘the here and now’ and how to make changes that affect the future. Person-Centred Counselling generated a system known as the ‘Core Conditions Model’ which emphasized three key components: Empathy, Congruence and Acceptance.
Self-actualization is an idea originating from the Humanistic psychological theory and particularly created by Abraham Maslow. The humanistic school of thought in psychology is the third force in psychology that attempts to regain the self, supporting that individuals do have free will and has the power to change for the better. Humanistic psychology was developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism focusing on individuality, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization. While early schools of thought were mostly concentrated on abnormal human behavior, humanistic psychology is different because of its emphasis on helping individuals achieve and fulfill their potential. The two main contributors to this school of thought
Humanistic psychology developed from psychoanalytic and behavioral psychology. The framework of Humanistic psychology was created by Rogers Maslow and other psychologists that believed a person should be viewed as a whole. Psychoanalytical and behaviorism are known as the first and second forces of psychology. Psychoanalytical psychology viewed the persons process as the most important thing when treating a client. Behavioral psychology strictly looked at the behavior of the client.
Carl Rogers was a founder of this movement that emphasizes personal growth, and he suggested that the personality only contains one paradigm- the self-concept. The self-concept is a collection of beliefs about one’s nature, qualities unique to them, and their typical behavior. If a person’s self-concept matched reality, then they are considered congruent. If they do not match reality, then they are considered incongruent, and this has an effect on the person’s well being. Rogers believed that a parent’s unconditional love for their child could help foster congruence in that person. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer, 2012) He based these humanistic theories off of the interactions that he had with his clients, as he observed them during their sessions. His theories help to explain a person’s defensive behavior among other things, but most importantly, he stressed that psychological health is extremely important. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer,
...xplain freedom and personal growth of a human and called as the third force of psychology. Client centered therapy was proposed by Carl Roger. The major concept of Roger’s theory is “self”. Roger developed the concept of fully-functioning person and believed proper communication between the client and the therapist is the basement of the therapy. Abraham Maslow focused on positive side of human’s mental health and Used Hierarchy table to explain human needs, figure 2: