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essay on perfectionism
the 4 stages of cognitive development
how piaget theory influences practice
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The purpose of this paper is to educate and influence others on therapy that may enhance their life style. Play therapy may not be for everyone, but it is a great way to understand a child’s train of thought. When asked how is their day going you might get a one or two-word response. But, when asked what would you like to play, you might have the child’s full, undivided, attention, which is the child’s natural way of communication. Play therapy can be traced back to B.C. times, it has many tools that are used to treat the children and families. This choice of treatment may determine, the initial characteristics of the patient’s transference in advanced. One has to be certified to assist these children and to diagnose. This therapy treatment …show more content…
Piaget’s theory goes hand in hand with the four theories of cognitive development. The Sensorimotor Stage: A period of time between birth and age two during which an infant's knowledge of the world is limited to his or her sensory perceptions and motor activities. Behaviors are limited to simple motor responses caused by sensory stimulation. The Preoperational Stagen between ages 2 and 6 during which a child learns to use language. During this stage, children do not yet understand tangible logic, cannot mentally manipulate information and are unable to take the point of view of other people. The Concrete Operational Stage: A period between ages 7 and 11 during which children gain a better understanding of mental operations. Children begin thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts. The Formal Operational Stage: A period between age 12 to adulthood when people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. Skills such as logical thought, deductive reasoning, and organized planning also arise during this …show more content…
Experts who have satisfied the criteria described in the RPT & RPT-S Guide. This allows the perfectional with expert training to guide children and families to better communication through play therapy. By assisting others to express feelings, adjust behavior, progress problem-solving skills, and learn a variety of ways of relating to others. When a child is in a hospital they may feel scared do to their new surrounding which creates stress. Hospitals now have play therapist to help children cope with the new transition. Which can be the new environment or illness, surgery, hospitalization, treatments, and procedures. Even for an adult any of these situations can put a damper in one’s emotions. So, by allowing the child to express him or herself is a key point in their daily routine. When working in play therapy field the perfectional should love to work with families and in groups. This is important since this job field consist of being able to deal with other people’s emotions both children and adults. Imaginative and fun Skills are important since the specialist has to see what therapy would work best for the family. Organization And observation skills will be used every day. When working with a child or family can be as short as a month or as long as years so by staying organized and observant the perfectional will be able to look back on notes to see if play therapy is assisting the child or at
Play therapy gives a safe and caring environment for the child to play with a small amount of limitations; which promotes physical and emotional safety. There is no medication used in this type of therapy. “Play and creativity operate on impulses from outside our awareness – the unconscious.” (playtherapy.org) There many benefits to play therapy for children. It helps children “develop respect and acceptance of self and others, learn to experience and express emotion, and learn new social skills and relational skills with family.” (a4pt.org) It would be important to have Maria’s father included in her treatment. Therapists recommend for every person in the child’s life to be part of the child’s therapy but at the least they would like to create a plan with the caretaker to resolve issues and keep track of
The theory of therapy that I have personalized and developed is that of an Integrative Play Therapy Approach (IPT). Gil, Konrath, Shaw, Goldin & McTaggart Bryan (2015) describe this method as an approach which utilizes a combination of two or more therapeutic styles. This will allow my personal theory to be customized as needed to meet varying client needs. In developing my individual theoretical orientation of therapy, I took into consideration my experiences within the field and my previous education, as well as my own values, personality traits and my natural therapeutic style. Additionally, the setting in which this therapeutic style is being utilized is taken into account. Given this, it is important to highlight that my approach will
In relationship play therapy, the primary goal is the emotional relationship between the therapist and the child. There is no focus on the past experiences at the time, just the feelings and reactions in the moment are what is the most important for this theory (Landreth, 2012). As for group play therapy, it offers a powerful therapeutic intervention and a more compelling milieu than in individual therapy. Group play therapy combines the importance of play, with the benefits of group counselling. Group play therapy offers improvement of social skills, self-regulation and conflict resolution to the children and youth and offers increased motivation to play and express themselves when playing with other children. (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor, 2015). Group play therapy is recommended for children who may have presenting concerns, various life experiences, exposed to domestic violence, abuse, or other traumatic events. This process allows for the therapist who’s in charge of the group to learn about the social and emotional development in the children, and to see the interactions and patterns in the group members (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor,
“The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s world and their methods of studying children. He was an inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas. Piaget's ideas have generated a huge amount of research which has increased our understanding of cognitive development.” (McLeod 2009). Piaget purposed that we move through stages of cognitive development. He noticed that children showed different characteristics throughout their childhood development. The four stages of development are The Sensorimotor stage, The Preoperational Stage, The Concrete operational stage and The Formal operational stage.
In this article Pereira (2014) focuses on techniques that can be used to include children in family therapy. This article specifically refers to children who are 6 years or older, being that the techniques used may be too complicated for younger children to understand. Most therapists struggle to find ways to actively engage children in family therapy due to the differences in level of verbal expressions, as well as differences in life experiences (Pereira, 2014). To make family therapy more effective for all members of the family, play is often incorporated.
Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and think differently at different periods in their lives. He believed that all children progress through four different and very distinct stages of cognitive development. This theory is known as Piaget’s Stage Theory because it deals with four stages of development, which are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. (Ginsburg, Opper 1979 P. 26).
Despite of the fact that Piaget (1969)'s theories are not that updated, his contributions to the field still manage to influence many human development experts. He divided children's cognitive development into four stages. There are specific mental and physical abilities that kids get to master as they go along their natural learning process. Piaget described children as natural scientists who assimilate knowledge of the world by interacting with their surroundings. These interactions not only boost children's intelligence but foster language acquisition as well. Piaget's cognitive development stages are as follows: from birth to two years of age (sensor-motor stage), from two to seven (pre-operational stage), from seven to twelve (concrete
Piaget has four stages in his theory: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of development in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. This stage lasts from birth to the second year of life for babies, and is centered on the babies exploring and trying to figure out the world. During this stage, babies engage in behaviors such as reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, and tertiary circular
While watching the video, what stood out to be was when Dr. Landreth stated that, “toys and materials should be selected, not collected.” I can imagine that a beginner play therapist may be excepted to gather
Children develop normally when they are exposed to different types of play that allow them to express themselves while using their imaginations and being physically active. According to the Center for Health Education, Training and Nutrition Awareness, “Play is child’s work”; this is true because it is a child’s job to learn and develop in their first few years of life, in order for them to do this, they play. Not only is playing a child’s full time job, the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights listed play as a right of every child. Through their full time job of play, the children develop emotionally, socially, physically, and creatively. Children need to participate in child-led play in order to facilitate healthy development of their minds, body, and creativity.
Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development demonstrates a child’s cognitive ability through a series of observational studies of simple tests. According to Piaget, a child’s mental structure, which is genetically inherited and evolved, is the basis for all other learning and knowledge. Piaget’s
The theory of cognitive development also happens in stages. Piaget believes that children create schemata to categorize and interpret information. As new information is learned, schemata are adjusted through assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is when information is compared to what is already known and understand it in that context. Accommodation is when schemata is changed based on new information. This process is carried out when children interact with their environment. Piaget’s four stages include sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.Sensorimotor happens between the ages of 0-2, the preoperational stage happens between the ages of 2-6. The concrete operational stage happens between the ages of 7-11, the formal operational stage happens between ages 12 and up. During the first stage, children develop object permanence and stranger anxiety, the second stage includes pretend play and egocentrism language development. The third stage includes conservation and mathematical transformations, the last stage includes abstract logic and moral
As the semester comes down to an end, I have realized how much I have grown. My knowledge for play therapy was not as large as it is now. I am so thankful that I was able to be in this class and learn what I have learned. The skill set I have gained has helped me tremendously with my practice.
This is a counselling method used to help youngsters communicate their inner experiences through using toys and play. Nondirective play therapy is a non-pathologizing technique founded on the belief that youngsters have the internal drive to attain wellness (Petruk, 2009). Play therapy is grounded on the theory that play is a youngster’s language, the toys considered the words a youngster uses to express or show their inner experiences and how they experience and perceive the world. Within a play session, and throughout the course of sessions, themes develop in the youngster’s play, giving the therapist insight into the child’s feelings, thoughts, experiences, and interpretations of their world (Petruk,
Piaget’s Cognitive theory represents concepts that children learn from interactions within the world around them. He believed that children think and reason at different stages in their development. His stages of cognitive development outline the importance of the process rather the final product. The main concept of this theory reflects the view th...