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Literature review on performance appraisal
The Performance Appraisal paper
Literature review on performance appraisal
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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
3.1 INTRODUCTION
It shows the meaning as judging the worker’s performance on an assigned task.
• After an employee has been selected for a job ,has been trained to do it and has worked on it for a period of time ,his performance should be evaluated.
• Performance appraisal is the process of deciding how employees do their jobs. Performance refers to the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that make up an individual’s job.
• Performance appraisal is a method of evaluating the behavior of employees in the work spot normally including both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of job performance. It is a systematic and objective way of evaluating both work-related behavior
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Performance appraisal is the key ingredient of performance management .each year, employees and their immediate bosses enter into an elaborate gaming exercise called the performance appraisal Performance appraisal is a system of review and evolution of an individual’s performance.
According to Flippo, “Performance appraisal is defined as a systematic, periodic and so far as humanly possible an impartial rating of an employee’s excellence in matters pertaining to his present job and to his potentialities for a better job”.
Performance appraisal
Identification: Means determining what areas of work the manager should be examining when measuring performance essentially focusing on performance that affect on organization success.
Measurement: Entails making managerial judgments of how good or bad employee performance was.
Management: appraisal should be more than a post –mortem examination events, criticizing or praising workers for their performance in the preceding year.
The main characteristics of Performance appraisal may be listed below
• The appraised is a systematic process involving three steps o Setting work standards o Assessing employee’s actual performance relative to these
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Furthermore, the immediate supervisor is probably best able to relate individual’s performance to what the department and organization are trying to accomplish.
• Peer: a person who is of equal standing with in an organization. In some jobs, such as outside sales, the immediate supervisor may observe a subordinate’s actual job performance only rarely.
• Subordinates: Appraisal by subordinates can be a useful input to the immediate supervisor’s development and the ratings are of significantly higher quality when used for that purpose.
• Self appraisal
• Customer served
• Computer: Employee spends lot of time in unsupervised by their bosses .now technology has made continuous supervision possible and very real for millions of workers.
3.6 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROCESS
Many organizations make every effort to approximate the ideal process resulting first rate appraisal system unfortunately many others fail to consider one or more of the steps and they have less effective system.
3.6.1 Analyzing the job
Performance appraisal process begins with job analysis which comprises of job description and job specification .these help in establishing the standard
I have been a supervisor over the years and have gained some experience however I may not be aware of most of the things that are important to the supervisee who needs to learn a lot for me in the clinical setting. Therefore my disposition should be that of a humble supervisor to allow them reach me with their problems and answer some of their questions. I need to give the supervisee the opportunity to teach me as well. I will not feel that I am above learning from them. i should also encourage my staff to allow supervisee speak their mind and bring to bear what they have learnt in class that is not reflected in my hospital this will afford us the needed change we
Ever dreaded the annual performance review? Once a year companies try to evaluate their workforce with a standard form containing generalities that are supposed to define whether each employee was successful over the previous year. The grading systems, one-way communication, and lack of collaborative effort create a dreaded process for all parties involved. To combat this loathsome process, Michelle Neely Martinez, in her article “Rewards given the right way”, explores a new design for performance appraisals that promotes open conversation regarding company and personal goals, avoids the negative reactions caused by constructive criticism, and creates positive evaluation of employees’ strengths and weaknesses to inspire “development and improvement.” (p. 2)
The performance assessment and appraisal forms are crucial within the performance management system (Aguinis, 2014). However, the appraisal form within the case study provided is designed for the supervisor’s use thus missing one vital factor throughout the entire process, employee participation. Thus, questioning the validity and reliability of the process. This is especially concerning as the bottom 10 per cent of employees are being fired and the top 20 per cent are being rewarded with $5,000.00 based on what their supervisor records on the form without consultation with employees. Thus, supervisors may not provide accurate scores as they do not have to justify their responses (Aguinis,
Based on your view of the objectives of performance evaluation, evaluate the perspectives about performance appraisal presented by the managers.
There is an array of key components and factors involved in making an organization a successful business. One of those elements consists on evaluating employee’s performance; this sole component is critical in determining how effective is the organization’s productivity and which are the necessary steps to ensure proper functioning. “The performance appraisal may be one of the few times during the year where an employee and the reviewer, typically the employee's supervisor, can sit down and have a lengthy face-to-face discussion about all aspects of the job” (Joseph, 2016). Employees’ performance assessment serves as an instrument to gather important information as to which areas of the job description are being performed according to standards
The 360-degree feedback system can be very delicate in nature. A person not well ready for it could be thrown out of balance. It can also generate some new problem in an organisation. It not designed and conducted well, it posses the potential danger of a candidate developing wrong perceptions or notions about one or more of his auditor and creating new perspective towards them. It is therefore, unavoidable and significant to handle the process well and make it foolproof. The first important step is to examine whether the organisation is ready for it or not. The second important step is to examine if the candidate is ready for it. For the purpose of systematic analysis and examination of the problem at hand, the studies by the several researchers have been reviewed. Baron, (2009) examines that managers who received upward feedback about their supervisory behaviour significantly improved their behaviour and improves the subordinate ratings of managerial performance. Similarly, Baron, (2009) found that employees were favourably disposed toward associate rating. The feedback is positively related with fulfilment with prior peer ratings and negatively associated with perceived friendship bias and years of company experience. Subordinates’ ratings of leadership were significantly higher following feedback from subordinates under which a highly structured session is there where leaders discussed the feedback results with subordinates (Baron, 2009).
Section 1: The focus of many managers is most often on the wrong things. They focus on appraisal rather than planning. Performance appraisal is not performance management. Managers often focus on a one-way flow of words (manager to employee) rather than dialogue. Performance management and the end of the year appraisal are often seen as a necessary evil. They don’t realize that if carried out properly, performance management has the potential to fix many of the problems they’re facing.
Performance appraisal is perceived by most as a tool to reward or penalize employees for their good or bad work respectively by the end of a year. This notion is a challenge in itself to deal with. The whole exercise becomes dull for both supervisors and their subordinates and they tend to look at it as an additional responsibility which they have to finish. In the end, there is little or no value addition for either the employee or the organization. There are, however, better ways of looking at and conducting performance appraisals. It can give much needed feedback to both performers and laggards to improve upon and if done properly can even boost their motivation. More importantly, they provide a chance to employees to have a say in their goal setting and thus aligning it with the departmental and organizational goals. Also, the process itself has a value in team making.
In this paper I critically reflect on five different self-assessments: locus of control (LOC), emotional intelligence (EI), listening self-inventory, team member type and conflict management. Throughout my discussion, I focus on their correlations and apply the gathered information to my work-life experiences. I will also provide a systematic assessment of each of these questionnaires. This evaluation will address any possible weaknesses I had found within the tests and prepare my final conclusions based upon those final educated results.
The manager communicates with the members of staff individually on a regular basis providing all the necessary information about the employee’s overall performance as it relates to their roles in the workplace. This performance appraisal is beneficial to employees as it allows them to create an outline for their goals with the greatest effort it should not be used to lower the employee’s level of motivation but seek to increase it.
Finally, the timing of appraisals could be rectified by implementing quarterly performance appraisal instead of annual ones. Having managers meet with employees more frequently may enhance individual performance by giving employees the feedback they need to improve. Also, increased appraisal may result in more accurate evaluations because it is easier to recall specific performance indicators after 3 months versus after 12
...organizational annual pay and grading reviews, Performance appraisals generally review each individual's performance against objectives and standards for the trading year, agreed at the previous appraisal meeting. Performance appraisals are also essential for career and succession planning - for individuals, crucial jobs, and for the organization as a whole. Performance appraisals are important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff. Performance appraisals provide a formal, recorded, regular review of an individual's performance, and a plan for future development.
Although performance is a major objective at top organizations, successfully addressing poor performance is also a key focus. Although many employees feel or dread performance appraisals they are directed to enforce clarity with individual employees day-to-day work-load, performance appraisals develops responsibility while making employees accountable for performance expectations, reinforces future career planning, helps the organization with determining training needs, and provides a stem of documentation for legality purposes. Performance management in detail is much broader than many employers, and employees assume and necessitates so much more. Proficient appraisals should represent a summary of on-going dialogue. Focusing only on an annual performance evaluation leads to misrepresentation of the performance management process in its
The performance method can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of employee at work through performance appraisals
Banner, D. K., Graber, J. M. (1985). Critical issues in performances appraisal. Journal of Management Development. Issue 4. Pp. 27-35.