Theories Of Procrastination

Numerous authors perspective on procrastination vary. Active and passive procrastination is defined. Active procrastinators create their own self-imposed dilatory behavior, that generates enough pressure to act and thereby get the task completed (Seo, 2013). Passive procrastinators are just the opposite as failure is the option. The Self-Determination Theory is a theory of personality and motivation that relates to autonomy, personal well-being and development, and behavior self-regulation (Ryan & Deci, 2000). The purpose of the study is to determine if a relationship exists between active and passive procrastination and each topics relation to academic motivation. The conclusion of the study found three prominent discoveries: (1) active deferment

If I conducted study, what changes would I make to strengthen the validity? In order to strengthen validity, I would request grades. Test scores offer a window into the mind of the student in terms of input and output. Matching test scores against the data of the questionnaires may give some feedback into seeing how truthful students were when providing their answers. Although, like the SAT, it doesn’t measure how much you study, but what you know, quiz and assignment grades may further explain academic motivation. By pairing how well one does with how motivated they are and claim to be. In addition, adding questions such as are there any monetary benefits or other forms of recognition? For instance, monetary benefits such as gifts or cash received from parents for certain grades. In regards to recognition, teachers that give gold stars on a chalkboard in front of the classroom. Both of these things (external rewards) influence motivations extrinsically (tangible cash rewards) and intrinsically (intangible rewards like recognition of a job well done and pleasure in the work). Furthermore, understanding the quality of motivation or type would help as well. A focus on autonomous motivation meaning a choice to act versus controlled motivation which involves pressure or coercion to act (Deci, 2006, p. 19). Environment’s that support or diminish autonomy are worth reviewing for further