Project manager employs methodology as a systematic and standardized mean of integrated planning and control for successful project delivery (Nicholas and Steyn, 2008). Typically, methodology is divided into four or five process groups and a system of control (Thomas, 2015) that include Initiation, Planning and Design, Execution, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing. Thomas (2015) underlines that various methodologies still use the same basic processes. In other words, all methodologies include organization structure, information processing means, procedures that result in integration of the project elements – resources, objectives, stakeholders, etc. and means for monitoring and controlling end-item quality and performance (Nicholas and …show more content…
Principle of Focus on product establishes that the final product of the project should¬¬ be unambiguously defined and agreed by Project Board and Project Management team. Learn for experience principle introduces two management products: Lessons Log with records of past and present experiences and Lessons Report that serves to distribute the experience to subsequent project managers. PRINCE2 methodology provides a clearly established Project Management team structure with defined roles and responsibilities that ensures presence of team members from main stakeholder’s perspectives. Following principle of Manage by exception means that every lower management level is managed by a respective upper one which also defines certain boundaries for its subordinates. The project is split up into time periods called stages that also follow hierarchical structure: Project Manager is authorized by the Project Board to manage the stages subsequently one after another with reporting the results of every stage upon the completion and being authorized to proceed provided the results are satisfactory (Hinde, …show more content…
Tools and techniques of Project Management
We have noted that Project Management methodologies incorporate specific instruments and procedures assisting to complete various project tasks. These tools and techniques vary in complexity and application, but may be closely tied up to the organizational strategy (Meredith and Mantel, 2012) and effectively used by Project Managers in the chosen methodology. The instruments may be grouped and characterized on the basis of the Project Management concept & activities: planning, organization, scheduling, procurement management, cost estimating and budgeting, and managing risks.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), one of the most important techniques of planning, is a procedure of subdividing the overall project into smaller elements that is a main source of assigning project responsibility and contracting (Nicholas and Steyn, 2008). The basic elements, “work packages” should be specific enough to particularly provide information on the inputs (requirements, resources, and prerequisites), outcomes (results, products) and task (schedule, cost, risks). WBS is also a data source for other project processes and tools. Work packages are distributed within project team members who assume functional & budgetary responsibility for project tasks. Individuals responsible for the work packages are illustrated using the Responsibility (RACI – Responsible, Accountable, Consult, Inform) Matrix – instrument recommended by PMBOX that serves for identifying
A work breakdown structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team 's work into manageable sections. The Project Management Body of Knowledge. defines the work breakdown structure as a "deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team”. Basically the work breakdown structure is something that is put together which defines the scope something that project team can understand. On the other hand, project requirement is kind of a document which tell management, what has to be produced and the exact date of completion. It also is based on responsibility factors. Requirements are the expectations which the product need to fulfill. Requirements are collected from the customer, stakeholders and Sponsor.
The Mzansi shuttle project is a large and intricate project and needs a lot of attention to detail however, when creating the work packages the manager should be careful of going into too much detail as this will lead to the project manager having to micromanage the project and eventually slow down the Mzansi shuttle project which should be avoided. Tasks and activities of the project should not be confused with deliverables, the tasks and activities may change however the end result should remain the same. Using the work breakdown structure as a replacement for the project plan will hinder the project objectives. The work breakdown structure can be changed and this will hinder the deliverables of the project from being achieved.
Large and small businesses, governments, and schools strive to build the next new gadget, manage resources more efficiently, and teach or train in more creative ways. If they set out blindly on a task without proper oversight and thought about the process, then surely the result would be a dismal failure. Project management enables these entities, and various others, to carefully consider the many variables before, during, and after the project actually takes place. Project management refers to the careful planning, organization, and management through a single one-time activity. Projects are non-routine tasks that are set out to be accomplished for a specific amount of time (Trelles-Duckett & Lonergan , n.d.). Projects have an absolute
Söderlund, J. 2004. Building theories of project management: past research, questions for the future.International Journal of Project Management, 22 (3), pp. 183-191.
Gray, Clifford F.; Larson, Erik W., Project Management – The Managerial Process, Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Lewis, J. P. (2007). CHAPTER 5: Using the Work Breakdown Structure to Plan a Project. In , Fundamentals of Project Management (pp. 56-68). American Management Association International.
Gray, C., Larson, E. (2008). Project Management: The managerial Process. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Project Management practice varies considerably from one type of project to another (Payne and Turner, 1999) and its methods are essentially designed for the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to manage activities so as to meet the project objectives (PMI, 2013). A range of different tools, techniques, and approaches are applied to distinct types of projects in order to adapt project management procedures to the specific needs of each project (Crawford et al., 2005). The application of the principles of project management have been considered to be very efficient in the management and control of projects (Murphy and Ledwith, 2007). Project managers tackle different tasks and challenges throughout a project implementation,
Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013). Project Management Professional (PMP) Handbook. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.pmi.org/certification/~/media/pdf/certifications/pdc_pmphandbook.ashx. [Last Accessed 20 April 2014].
This paper will focus on the concepts of project procurement management and the impacts it can have on the overall success of a project. The paper contains four sections, which focus on a few major tentacles of project procurement management. Section one, describes in detail all of the components that are involved with project procurement management. Section two, summarizes the major project procurement processes, which the Project Management Institute (PMI) view as appropriate for successful execution of projects. Section three, describes the various benefits of categorizing procurements into generic families. Lastly, Section four, will summaries the importance of project procurement management in the overall project management process.
Project management is said to be completed within time when it completed within the “triple constraints”: cost, time and quality. And in a lot of causes, one them is sacrificed so as to meet the other two. Project managers prioritize which ones are the most important.
Project management involves all activities that encompass scheduling, planning, and controlling projects. A successful project manager ensure that an organization’s resources are being used both efficiently and effectively. Most projects need to be uniquely developed require a sense of customization and the ability to adapt to any posed challenges. The scope of effective project management includes defining what the project is and what is being expected to be accomplished. Projects are imposed to fulfill a certain need and project managers must have the ability to create the proper definition. Goals and the means used to attain those goals have to be clearly stated. Project Managers must also have the ability to plan
Project Procurement Management is defined by the Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013) as a set of defined processes that support the acquisition of products, services, or results. The success or failure of a project is accredited to the project team’s ability to balance scope, schedule, and cost constraints. The need for procurement management increases the project’s level of complexity and likelihood of risks. Moreover, the procurement management processes are a project within a project. This singular knowledge area produces a procurement scope document, contractual agreements, and management plan, which align with the project management plan and objectives. Procurement processes play an essential role in the success of the project. Receipt of procurement deliverables drives the potential for the timely achievement of project objectives and managing costs. Procurement
When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.
“Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to organisational and project activities to achieve the aims of an organisation through projects” (PMI, 2003).