The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity
Experiment:
To investigate the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. The enzyme used will be catalyse.
The enzyme catalyse:
The enzyme catalyse is a biological enzyme. It is used to break down Hydrogen Peroxide, which is harmful. The reaction that occurs is:
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Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen
The activity of the enzyme catalyse can therefore be measured by the amount of oxygen (in the form of froth) that is produced.
Prediction:
The enzyme catalyse will have an optimum temperature of between 40‹-45‹. If the temperature rises above this temperature range or below this temperature range, the rate of enzyme activity
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If the temperature rises above this, the enzyme activity will slow down because the enzyme will be denatured. This means that the active site will be changed. Enzymes only work if the substrate fits into to the enzymes active site, like a lock and key (see diagram). The reaction then takes place and the product leaves. If the active site shape is changed the substrate will no longer be able to fit in (see diagram). This means that the reaction can no longer take place.
As the temperature gets higher above 45‹C, more enzymes will be denatured. The higher the temperature above 45‹C, the slower the reaction rate.
If the temperature falls below 40‹C, the rate of enzyme activity will fall. This is because the lower the temperature, the less kinetic energy the enzymes will have. This means that fewer will be able to react. The lower the temperature below 40‹C, the slower the enzyme reaction rate. At low temperaturefs particles of reacting substances do not have much energy. However, when the substances are heated, the particles take in energy. This causes them to move faster and
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At 10‹C the particles of the catalyse have less kinetic energy, so collide with the particles of the hydrogen peroxide with less energy. Therefore a reaction is less likely to take place, and less oxygen (in the form of froth) is produced. As the temperature rises the particles have more kinetic energy, so collide with more energy and produce more oxygen. This accounts for the steep rise in the gradient of the graph between 10‹C and 20‹C.
The activity of the enzyme catalyse decreases at higher temperatures because enzymes are proteins, and proteins are denatured at high temperatures. Denaturing is where the active site of the enzyme is changed, so the substrate (in this case hydrogen peroxide) can no longer fit into it. Enzymes only work if the substrate fits into to the enzymes active site, like a lock and key. The reaction then takes place and the product leaves. If the active site shape is changed the substrate will no longer be able to fit in. This means that the reaction can no longer take place, decreasing the amount of oxygen produced. Biological variation means that not all of the
After conducting this experiment and collecting the data I would have to say that the optimal temperature for enzyme activity would have to be room temperature which in my experiment was thirty-four degrees Celsius. I came to this answer because the glucose test strip showed that at room temperature there was more glucose concentration that at either of the other temperatures. Due to temperature extremes in the boiling water the enzymes could no longer function because the breakdown of lactose stopped. The cold water also hindered the breakdown of the lactose but as the water warmed the enzymes were more active which can be seen in the results for the cold water at 20 minutes B. Describe the relationship between pH and the enzymatic activity of lactase.
The affects of pH, temperature, and salt concentration on the enzyme lactase were all expected to have an effect on enzymatic activity, compared to an untreated 25oC control. The reactions incubated at 37oC were hypothesized to increase the enzymatic activity, because it is normal human body temperature. This hypothesis was supported by the results. The reaction incubated to 60oC was expected to decrease the enzymatic activity, because it is much higher than normal body temperature, however this hypothesis was not supported. When incubated to 0oC, the reaction rate was hypothesized to decrease, and according to the results the hypothesis was supported. Both in low and high pH, the reaction rate was hypothesized to decrease, which was also supported by the results. Lastly, the reaction rate was hypothesized to decrease in a higher salt concentration, which was also supported by the results.
The shape of the molecules is changing and so the enzyme molecules can no longer fit into the gaps in the substrate that they need to and therefore the enzymes have de – natured and can no longer function as they are supposed to and cannot do their job correctly. Changing the temperature: Five different temperatures could be investigated. Water baths were used to maintain a constant temperature. Water baths were set up at 40 degrees, 60 degrees and 80 degrees (Celsius). Room temperature investigations were also carried out (20 degrees).
This happens when the temperature is too high; the process is called “denaturing”. When an enzyme reaches a certain temperature, it will have so much energy that it is de-shaped; it is “denatured”. This diagram shows how a denatured enzyme will not work: [IMAGE] The enzymes will hardly work at very low temperatures (they wont be
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
This indicated that the effect of high temperature on the activity of peroxidase was irreversible and so if the optimum temperature was restored the enzyme activity will not increase again because denaturation resulted in a permanent change in the shape of the active site of the peroxidase enzyme. In conclusion, the results of this experiment supported the hypothesis that enzymes including peroxidase enzyme are sensitive to temperature changes[George
Input variables In this experiment there are two main factors that can affect the rate of the reaction. These key factors can change the rate of the reaction by either increasing it or decreasing it. These were considered and controlled so that they did not disrupt the success of the experiment. Temperature-
Changes in pH lead to the breaking of the ionic bonds that hold the tertiary structure of the enzyme in place. The enzyme begins to lose. its functional shape, particularly the shape of the active site, such. that the substrate will no longer fit into it, the enzyme is said to. be denatured.
While measuring the effect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the reaction rate, several factors must be kept constant. During the reaction with a catalyst, the temperature will be kept constant (at room temperature), concentration, pressure and since the reaction involves liquids, the surface area will be kept constant at all times, however they must be mixed the same.
The aim of my investigation is to find out whether the increase of temperature increases the rate of reaction between the two reactants of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid. I will then find out and evaluate on how temperature affects this particular reaction. Factors There are four main factors, which affect the rate of reaction that are considered as variables for the experiment I will be doing, they are the following: Molecules can only collide when two of them meet together.
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to explore the different factors which effect enzyme activity and the rates of reaction, such as particle size and temperature.
However, the decrease varied depending on the temperature. The lowest temperature, 4 degrees Celsius, experienced a very low decrease of amylose percentage. Temperature at 22 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius, both had a drastic decrease in amylose percentage. While the highest temperature, 70 degrees Celsius, experienced an increase of amylose percentage. In conclusion, as the temperature increases the percentage of amylose decreases; however, if the temperature gets too high the percentage of amylose will begin to increase. The percentage of amylose increases at high temperatures because there is less enzyme activity at high temperatures. However, when the temperature is lower, more enzyme activity will be present, which results in the decrease of amylose percentage. This is why there is a decrease of amylose percentage in 4, 22, and 37 degrees Celsius. In this experiment the optimal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, this is because this is the average human body temperature. Therefore, amylase works better at temperatures it is familiar
I shall be measuring how much gas is given off. This will be done by measuring the amount of froth on the surface of the liquid. The oxygen released is collected in the form of these bubbles. The equation for the reaction is: (catalase) [IMAGE] H2O2 2H2O + O2 (hydrogen peroxide) (2 part water) (oxygen) I will change the concentration of H2O2 and O2 (making sure the volume stay the same, when one part of a H2O2 particle is taken, an O2 particle is added. Prediction
Purpose: This lab gives the idea about the enzyme. We will do two different experiments. Enzyme is a protein that made of strings of amino acids and it is helping to produce chemical reactions in the quickest way. In the first experiment, we are testing water, sucrose solution, salt solution, and hydrogen peroxide to see which can increase the bubbles. So we can understand that enzyme producing chemical reactions in the speed. In the second experiment, we are using temperature of room, boiling water, refrigerator, and freezer to see what will effect the enzyme.
The pH of the solution would alter the rate of the reaction if it was