Physical capital
Electricity and water
Dokur counts with electrical power since 1962 providing energy for domestic, irrigation, and to some extent commercial purposes. The village has two overhead water tanks that supply drinking water to the villagers. In this village there are 225 individual households’ taps and 10 public taps connections.
Roads and highways
Inside the village the roads are mainly made in cement with street lights. However the road connecting the village to the state highway 18 is not yet cemented and most of the roads on the edge of the village are still unpaved.
Public transport system
The village has a bus shelter and it has a railway station. There are many possibilities to travel from Dokur to Devarkadra for example by using buses with a frequency of 6 trips per day, taking a car (taxis) with a possibility to travel every half hour or using autorikshaws.
Education and Hospital
Dokur has a primary school since 1966 which was also upgraded into a high school level in 2007. A clinic IRHS (Institute for rural health and studies) located in the rural area of Dokur has been helping to improve the quality of life of the people in that area. However nearest hospital is located in Devarkadra.
Farming technologies
To increase the soil deficiency the farmers have been implementing the use of chemical fertiliser. The rental market for machinery has increased rapidly over the last 10 years, and the number of tractors in Dokur went from 1 to 8 and power sprayers up to 25. The adoption of hybrid seeds have contributed to increased farming productivity. However, the Castes that are poor cannot afford the use of new technologies. For these kinds of Castes the farming still in the old and traditional way.
Financial ca...
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...ar to every household. This was introduced in Dokur in June 2006.
Savings
The financial capital of households and the community in Dokur can be assessed by looking at points like savings that people might have in forms of cash and jewellery, or credits, pensions and remittances. A shift in savings of Indian people is seen. People used to buy gold as a financial covering for the future, but since the gold prices are fluctuating very much, there is an increase of Indians who buy small pieces of land mostly along the highway as an investment instead of gold jewellery. The value of the land might increase in the future and so it gives them more security than buying e.g. golden chains as an investment. After some years the people will give their piece of land to their children or sell it to big companies so they can pay the dowry or stay alive when they are retired.
In this country, the age of the internal combustion engine has found its niche, states Jack Burden. And where cars go, roads must follow. Warren uses the exposition to describe a road in detail. Highway 58 has two components. Jack notes that the road has a slick, black line down the center and a dazzling concrete slab on both sides of the line. Because of the heat and light reflecting off the slab, only the black line is clear. Since the contrasting colors of the road are specified, the archetypes of the colors can be examined. The white of the slab is associated with purity, peace, and wholesomeness, while black of the line is associated with darkness, ignorance, and even death. Warren develops tension in the symbol of the road through the
most of their income in the city also due to the high demand for rural
Another reason for urban change in Dharavi is the rapid population growth. India’s population growth has been taking place at a very fast rate. India contains nearly one fifth of the worlds entire population. This increase in population has caused many problems for the people in Dharavi such as unemployment, pressure on infrastructure, scarcity of resources as well as inequitable income
Our nation was founded on agriculture, and for hundreds of years we were able to migrate across the nation bringing our farming tools and techniques with us. Technology has driven populations away from rural areas towards industrialized cities. With money now being pumped into cities, rural farmers are suffering the most. Farmers are taking out large loans in order to sustain their farms, leading to debt and in some cases suicide. Patel spoke about a farmer in India whose husband took his life because he was unable to live with the amount of debt from his struggling farm. This man left his wife and chi...
'And crumbling roads That turned on sudden hidden villages' The villages and roads had been made without changing the landscape in any way; the villages so in tune with nature that they were part of the landscape, and could suddenly appear round a corner on a windy country road. The beginning of From the Motorway is more upbeat.
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
India, the second highest populated country in the world after China, with 1.27 billion people currently recorded to be living there and equates for 17.31% (India Online Pages 2014) of the world's population, but is still considered a developing country due to it’s poverty and illiteracy rates. As these nations continue to grow at rates that are too fast for resources to remain sustainable, the government’s in these areas wi...
1. Disposable Income: There is increase in disposable income, observed in both rural and urban consumers, which is giving opportunity to many rural consumers to shift from traditional unorganized unbranded products to branded FMCG products and urban fraternity to splurge on value added and lifestyle products. The increasing salaries, along with rising trend of perks in the corporate sector at regular intervals, have increased people’s spending power. As per some research, there is a high correlation between Disposable per capita and HPC per capita.
This research will focusing on the 12 districts in Kedah (from North to South), namely Langkawi, Kubang Pasu, Padang Terap, Pokok Sena, Kota Setar, Pendang, Yan, Kuala Muda, Sik, Baling, Kulim and Bandar Baharu. Throughout all this area, the information needed in this research can be obtained thoroughly.
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
As agriculture has become more intensive, farmers have become capable of producing higher yields using less labour and less land. Growth of the agriculture has not, however, been an unmixed blessing. It, like every other thing, has its pros and cons. Topsoil depletion, groundwater contamination, the decline of family farms, continued neglect of the living and working conditions for farm labourers, increasing costs of production, and the disintegration of economic and social conditions in rural communities. These are the cons of the new improved agriculture.
There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’,s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas.
Improving agricultural standards can help in producing more food and thus counter the lack of food factor. One way to improve agricultural standards is to develop the irrigation methods used. Irrigation is closely related to poverty. Irrigation benefits the poor through higher production, higher yields, lower risk of crop failure and higher year-round farm and non-farm employment. Irrigation leads to high value market-oriented agricultural production [1].
Agriculture holds a significant role in underdeveloped countries. It is often the backbone of their economic and social well-being. It acts as the main source of employment and income, 70% of a country's population rely on framing as a mean of living (CITE HERE). Because most underdeveloped countries have low rates of educational attainment, farming is a popular source of employment. It requires little to no education. As a result agriculture employs many people contributing to nations economic development. Residents can also sell what they grow, providing them with a source of income, thus not only raising the national income level but the standard of living as well. Agriculture is not only a ...
Therefore, increasing agricultural productivity is critical to economic growth and development. One important way to increase agricultural productivity is through the introduction of improved agricultural technologies and management systems. There are numerous research institutions whose main focus is to develop new agricultural technologies and management practices. However, it is great challenge to them to understand how and when new technologies are used by farmers in developing countries. Over the years, number of research undertaken by various researcher to see the agricultural technology adoption. Initially, researchers pursued simple descriptive statistics about the use and diffusion of new practices of technologies such as seed varieties, fertilizer, irrigation, etc. Numerous researchers have developed innovative methodologies for addressing such concerns, carried out surveys and collected enormous amounts of data to describe and document the adoption of new agricultural