I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Mrs. Geetanjali Gulati for her guidance, understanding, patience, and most importantly, her undying support during my final months of graduation. I would like to pay my sincere gratitude to my friends and colleagues for keeping me calm and cheerful in stressful situations and also for helping me out in times of need. Above all I would like to thank my God like Parents for their unending faith and trust upon me. Without them I wouldn’t have been able to complete this dissertation. Chapter 03 | REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Aneel Karnani (September 2006), in his paper titled “Fortune at the bottom of Pyramid: A mirage” proposed an alternative perspective on how private sector can help alleviate poverty. He argued that rather than viewing poor as consumers they can be viewed as producers. One of the few methods of doing this is to make markets more efficient such that the poor capture the full value of their outputs. The best way for private firms to help eradicate poverty is to invest in upgrading the skills and productivity of the poor and help create more employment opportunities for them do that they have the money to spend.
Anand Kumar Jaiswal (July 2008), in his paper titled “Fortune at the bottom of pyramid-an alternate perspective” he has answered the questions such as ‘Is there really a ‘fortune’ at the bottom of the pyramid? If so, can MNCs tap it as easily as BOP proponents suggest? And is there also a fortune for the bottom of the pyramid?’ In respect to these questions he suggested that we must help poor in becoming selective consumers. That is avoidance of both undesirable inclusion, and exclusion. Undesirable inclusion means marketing products to the BOP consumers that ...
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... respect to the needs of BOP consumers and why the company perhaps saw a potential there.
4.4 | Scope of study
The scope of this study cannot be extended to the whole world as the research was done on a secondary basis and only the secondary data was included, though a very small survey was done by asking questions from the BOP consumers who are a part of our day to day life such as servants, those maids who come to clean our room, watch man and other such people who have low monthly income; they were just a small fraction of 4 billion population of Bop.
4.5 | Limitations of study
This study was carried out in Amity University which is situated in Noida, therefore results obtained may not be pertinent to whole country. The study was by far limited to secondary sources of data so the benefits of primary research did not help.
Besides marketing its customer service, the company markets different programs according to its three major types of customers. Some of them being,
“Global poverty is the scourge and disgrace of our affluent era” (Smith 13). Eradicating extreme poverty has always been one of the greatest challenges in the world. In fact, today poverty has become a major concern for several nations. According to Stephen C. Smith, the author of book Ending Global Poverty: A Guide to What Works, ending poverty would require eight crucial keys to escape poverty traps; to provide health and nutrition for adults to work and children to grow to their potential, provide basic education to build the foundations for self-reliance, to provide credit and basic insurance for working capital and defense against risk, to allow access to functioning markets for income and opportunities to acquire assets, to allow access to new technologies for higher productivity, to provide a stable environment to ensure sustainable development, to provide personal empowerment to gain freedom from exploitation and to empower all communities to ensure effective participation in the wider world. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the term, concept, and the theoretical perspectives about poverty that are represented by Stephen C. Smith as well as presenting aspects of the issue that I wish Smith had addressed, an emphasis of questions that the author leaves unanswered will be presented, and finally an exhortation on how believers should think about the issue and how believers should respond to the issue viewed in a cognitive, affective and behavioral perception.
Some forms of poverty are derivative of the difficult situations that a person may be placed in, such as divorce or the death of a family member. Some structural factors that may contribute to poverty can be seen through concepts such as housing affordability, employment insurance and whether it is considered to be fair or reasonable, access to education and health care services, as well as the depravity of living wages from employment agencies. “Despite the accumulating evidence that impoverishment is one of the greatest threats to human development, health, and quality of life, little progress has been made in addressing the incidence and effects of poverty” (Raphael, 2009). With the welcoming of the twenty-first century, rise was given to the concept of individualism and capitalism. “Since many multinational corporations are often perceived to be the primary drivers behind the world’s social and environmental problems, they have come under considerable scrutiny and pressure to pursue a more inclusive, conscientious, and responsible type of capitalism” (Ansari, Munir, & Gregg, 2012). That being said, capitalism is not really able to be fixed, the entire idea is completely corrupted in a way that benefits the wealthy and then forces the lower classes to suffer. Ignorance, disease, lack of empathy, and many other concepts have
According to Koppelman and Goodhart, merchants would sometimes exploit the poor by enforcing or formulating policies that would earn them more profits. These practices include blank price tags, bait and switch, rent-to-own and pawnshops (2007). These types of inequality and exploitation would make it harder for the low income to escape poverty.
In the Wall Street Journal article,” At the Base of the Pyramid” written by Erik Simanis, wants companies who are selling their products to poor customers to establish a primary marketing strategy, therefore, will help them create the market. It states,” For the past decade, business visionaries have argued that these people, dubbed the Base of the Pyramid, make up an enormous, untapped market. Some of the world's biggest, savviest corporations have aimed to address their basic needs—by selling them everything from clean water to electricity” (Simanis). The problem is understanding the consumer market toward low-income consumers. It states,” They haven't been conditioned to think that the products being offered are something you'd even buy.
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
The subjects for this study were selected out of a large pool of high school students in India. Prior to the selection, students were
All over the world, disparities between the rich and poor, even in the wealthiest of nations is rising sharply. Fewer people are becoming increasingly “successful” and wealthy while a disproportionately larger population is also becoming even poorer. There are many issues involved when looking at poverty. It is not simply enough (or correct) to say that the poor are poor due to their own (or their government’s) bad governance and management. In fact, you could quite easily conclude that the poor are poor because the rich are rich and have the power to enforce trade agreements, which favor their interests more than the proper nations. This is a very serious problem in our society today. Poverty is everywhere and it needs to reduced so that our economy will be more stabilized and balanced that it has been. What does it mean to be poor? What does it mean to describe a nation as “developing”? A lack of material wealth does not define one as deprived. A strong economy in a developed nation does not mean much when a significant percentage or a majority of the population is struggling to survive. Development usually implies an improvement in living standards such that a person has enough food, water, and clothing, a stable social environment, freedom, and basic rights to have a fair chance for a decent life. Is this actually progress? On the other hand, are we fooled into believing that it is? The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services placed the poverty level for a family of four at $16,450 in 1998, and the poverty rate in 1996, according to the HHS, was 13.7 percent, or 36.5 million Americans. (Egendorf: 1999, 12). Is there really a way to measure poverty, and to decide exactly what poverty is? Hunger, income level, housing and the economy’s condition of the working poor are just a few example of what needs to be considered when measuring the poverty levels in our nation. Poverty expands and contracts and its definition changes in accordance with temporary exigencies, including the interests of those who propound the definitions do the counting, which means that there is no concrete definition of poverty, except for the numbers. (Valentine: 1968, 13). Poverty is not something that has just recently become an issue; it has been around for many years. The economy has been a major influence on the levels of poverty in our nation. In 1973, poverty increased ...
-Customers: The company felt the importance of being customer-centric and innovate by adapting to customer
...Taxing the rich more and the poor less, taxing methods need to be tailored to an individual’s financial bracket to ensure that upward social mobility becomes an absolute possibility. Building self-sufficient economies, projects to launch new industries and businesses will also need encouragement from the people. Education, it provides training to tomorrow’s workforce and helps the economy against the increase of poverty. Involvement of the media, the media has a lot of power when it comes down to grabbing society attention. With the media, people will become conscious of one of the major issues, poverty. Micro financing, offers financial services to individuals in developing nations who wish to run their own businesses. All these ideas should be implemented. It may seem unrealistic to try all 10 of them but giving some solutions a try would help the cycle of poverty
Indian population has a mixture of culture, variety of languages and difference in resources. The difference in occupational structure, literacy level, health status and other socio-economic factors among the states leads to the
products they want. The goal is to not only provide consumers with what they know they
As one of the biggest problems facing the world today, poverty continues to have significant negative implications for the society. The effects of poverty are extremely severe and far-reaching, so much so that it was one of the top Millennium Development Goals agreed upon at the Millennium Summit of the UN back in 2000 (Hatcher, 2016). To understand the effects that poverty has on the society, one must critically analyze the societies in which poverty is rampant, as well as analyze poverty from the relative perspectives that it presents. The core aim of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of poverty and elaborate on the diverse ways in which it continues to affect societies across the world.
In the business market, the main and principal key to get profit is by the active consume of a product in the marketplace. Nevertheless, firms have taken advantage of that and have created false needs to consumers. According to Leiss, “The only true need, it would appear, are for nourishment, clothing, and housing.” In other words, he states that people can live without television, internet, IPod, and so forth. But the impact of commercials have made people feel the necessity of something else than food and shelter.
Furthermore, I have acquired a set of personal and professional gains as a result of completing the thesis that includes the development of a critical mindset, improvement of my writing and time management skills and enhancement of the level of my