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Pregnancy among teens
Theories of causes and effects of early teenage pregnancy
Theories of causes and effects of early teenage pregnancy
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Becoming sexually active is a normal part of development that most adolescents take part in. Adolescence is a sensitive stage where teens are trying to find themselves and fit into society. During this critical time, teenagers are becoming more involved in more intimate forms of sexual behavior at earlier ages than adolescents in the past (Sigelman & Rider 2015). There has been a rise in concern about teens becoming sexually active when they are too young because early sexual activity is associated with risky behaviors that can lead to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Sigelman & Rider 2015). Sexual behaviors can be shaped by the social and cultural contexts that surround an adolescent. This leads to the idea that parents can influence their teens sexual attitudes and behaviors. I believe permissive parenting causes sexual risk-taking in their adolescent children. The operational definition of permissive parenting is the parenting style with less control over their children. For example, permissive parents set less rules, are not as strict and their children are more autonomous (De Graaf, Vanwesenbeeck, Woertman, & Meeus 2011). Permissive parents might be less likely to teach their children about the importance of contraceptives and educate them about sexually transmitted …show more content…
Although, there are many other forms of sexual behaviors adolescents can engage in, most studies focus on sexual intercourse. According to Coley, et al, one fourth of male and female adolescents report having engaged in sexual intercourse before the age of 15 and two thirds of adolescents by the age of 18. Sexual risk-taking among adolescents carries numerous potential repercussions, most notably unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (Coley, e all
Yu-Yun Alice Hsu, et al. "A Theoretical Model of Early Teen Sexual Behavior: What Research Tells Us about Mother's Influence on the Sexual Behavior of Early Adolescent Girls." Journal of Theory Construction & Testing 7.2 (2003): 56-60. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.
Today’s young Americans face strong peer pressure to be sexually active and engage themselves in risky behaviors (Merino 100-109). Anyone deciding to have sex must first think about all the risks involved. Kekla Magoon, author of Sex Education in Schools, says that “half of all teens aged 15 to 19 years old in the United States have had sex” (Magoon 64-65). It is currently not required by federal law for schools to teach Sex education and those few schools that do teach Sex education have the decision to determine how much information is allowed. Advocates from both sides of the Sex education debate agree that teens need positive influences in order to make practical decisions (Magoon 88-89). Opponents of Abstinence-only education believe it fails because it does not prepare teens for all the risks of sex (Magoon 64-65).
In permissive parenting, the guardians are more of the child’s friends and not a disciplinary figure. Permissive parenting embraces avoiding confrontation and being lenient as the key to success. Imagine a trip to the grocery store. You are walking down the cereal isle and you approach a child screaming because he wants his favorite marshmallow filled cereal, rather than a healthier choice. Fulfilling the child’s want in order to appease the child, rather than being assertive and making a healthier choice is a perfect example. A second contrast of permissive parenting is expectations of education. We saw that in authoritarian parenting an A plus grade is expected. The dissimilarity between parenting techniques would be that a B minus would bring praise in permissive household. This is similar to how I was raised. As a child, my siblings and I were expected to achieve good grades but that did not translate into an A plus on every exam. Our academic achievements were to be considered excellent and praiseworthy even if we brought home a B on a test. In hindsight, if we were to earn a C in a class we could expect some sort of restriction and forced remedial training in that area. Permissive parenting is a style of parenting that yields lower expectations and lenient rules for children. This parenting technique embracing fun and friendship between guardian and the child is believed to foster a positive environment for the child to succeed in
As a parent, structure and rules are good for your kid. But just like anything else in life, too much of anything-even the good things- is not good. Having too many rules or harsh consequences can do more harm than good to certain problems in your child.
Parenting styles refer to a set of different manners in which parents raise their children. There are four parenting styles including authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. The authoritarian parenting style is based on the implementation of rules, and on the idea that all rules should be followed without exceptions. Similarly, authoritative parenting style implements rules, but the child feelings are taken in consideration and reasonable exceptions to the rule are allowed. On the other hand, in permissive parenting style, there is implementation of rules, but they are rarely encouraged to be followed. Lastly, in uninvolved parenting style, there is a lack of engagement between parents and children, and there are
In 1995 a study was conducted to see how many teenagers were sexually active or had been involved sexually in any way. The study revealed that, by the age of sixteen, 50% of teenagers in the U.S have had been involved in sexual intercourse (Oberman, 1994). There was another study that was conducted statewide surveying young girls from 8th grade to 12th grade. The survey asked about what age was the young girls when they first had sex and the age of their sexual partners. The survey excluded intercourse that was by force. Girls who were between the ages thirteen to eighteen did not have a partner that was much older than them. However younger girls between the ages of eleven to twelve said that their partners were five or more years older (Leitenberg, 2000).
There are many ways that a child can grow up healthy, they could eat right the parents have a genetic code that allows the child to be a healthy baby. But these are some factors that shows that a child is healthy. But what needs to know is there are others ways that a child can be healthy and unhealthy. When discussing on how a child is healthy we are looking at the family system and how that affects the way the baby learns and acts in a society. Having a child that is brought up with a healthy family system can result in your child having a healthy development.
This type of parenting is very warm and accepting, but lacks structure and control. These parents do not have many rules and let their kids get away with anything. There are two extremes as to why parents act this way. One way is that parents are seen to try to be more of a friend to their kids than a parent because they are out of touch with their child’s generation. Another excuse for permissive parenting is when parents claim they do not have time to exert control over their children because of external factors such as work. Kids that come from these backgrounds can be seen as impulsive, dependent, disobedient and rebellious. These children from permissive households seem to do poorer in school and have trouble with social skills as well. An example of permissive parenting is seen in the movie “Mean Girls” When the mom tries to be friends with all of her daughter’s friends. The mom in the movie is more concerned with being a part of the gossip than actually trying to parent her child properly. The mom gets her daughter everything she wants and has no rules or regulations. These lead to her daughter’s awful and mean behavior in the movie because her mother never taught that the world did not revolve around her and acting out was not acceptable in society. In my experience, I have known some families that act similarly to the mom in mean girls. I went to a
Parental practices and behavior play a crucial role in children’s eating habits as well as in children’s weight outcome. The type of parenting style, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive, parents decide to implement with their children at home leads towards the type of eating habits children will construct. Authoritative parenting style has been linked towards children having a greater intake of healthier foods on a daily basis, such as having a higher consumption of breakfast, fruits, and vegetables. Permissive parenting style has been linked towards children having a greater intake of unhealthier foods on a daily basis, such as having a higher consumption of sweets. Three aspects towards the development of obesity among children have
A parenting style that focuses on responding to a child’s behaviors but also focuses on not being too demanding or aggressive. Permissive parenting can be another for of parenting that leads to harmful results on the child or minor. Another term for permissive parenting is indulgent parenting. These parents have a tendency to be tolerant while attempting to maintain a strategic distance from any confrontation with their child. The advantage of this parenting style is that they are normally exceptionally sustaining and cherishing. The negatives, be that as it may, exceed this advantage. Hardly any guidelines are set for the offspring of tolerant parents, and the principles are conflicting when they do exist. This absence of structure makes these children grow up with minimal self-control and poise. A few parents receive this strategy as an extraordinary inverse way to deal with their dictator childhood, while others are just hesitant to do anything that may annoy their kid. It might appear as if this would be a child’s most loved parenting style as it gives a feeling of flexibility without results, in any case, childrens hunger for a feeling of structure to influence them to feel safe and. It is critical in a child’s improvement for there to be obvious parental and child positions that are played. Tolerant or permissive parenting can have long haul harming impacts on
This style of parenting is best described as the child having more control over the parent. There are a lot of parents today that seem to have no control of their child actions and even words. This in which can make the parents question what are they doing wrong when it comes to raising their child. This type of parent have very low demands and are highly responsive, maybe even too responsive to the child’s needs. Although these parents are very loving of their children they do not have many rules that their child should abide by (Cherry, K. 2017, para.1). Not setting ground rules gives the child the freedom to do whatever they want and know that they will not receive a harsh, if any punishment at all. Also, parents who are permissive tend to want to be their child’s best friend. The child in this parent in child relationship tends to have more control than the parent. If there are not any rules in place to be followed the child will eventually resort to negative behaviors, and may even be insure because of the low discipline from their parents (Cherry, K. 2017, para. 9). Permissive parents should give the child rules to follow and discipline them if broken, to ensure that their child follow the right path throughout
The style of parenting with which children are raised can profoundly affect their social development, as well as their abilities to deal with life situations as adults. Parents who follow the permissive style of parenting have very few rules, no consistent limits, and more often than not give in to their children.. In a permissive family, the children are in charge.
This parenting style is high on warmth and child-to-parent communication. They are very low on discipline, structure, parent-to-child communication, and low on expectation. At times children will act out just to get the necessary attention that they are deprived from at home. Permissive parents take orders and instructions from their children, are passive, endow children with power. There is minimal discipline, and they do not feel responsible for how their children turn out. Ironically, these children turn out to be the unhappiest of all. They are more likely to exhibit psychological problems like anxiety and depression. These children sadly are more likely to commit violence, and engage in antisocial behavior. Research links permissive parents with delinquency, substance abuse, and sexual
This parenting style is very undemanding but also very responsive. Permissive parents tend to shower their children with love and affection and involve themselves in their lives. However, they tend to have few to no rules and limitations and therefore have no expectations for their children. They exert a lax pattern of parenting in which they make relatively few demands, permit their children to freely express their feelings and impulses, do not closely monitor their children’s activities, and rarely exert firm control over their behavior (Shaffer & Kipp, 2013). This type of parenting style is not the most beneficial but also not the most negative. The fact that permissive parents make an effort to be involved is a good sign however, the lack of structure is not entirely the best parenting technique. They seem to focus more on being their child’s friend then being their child’s parent. Because of this, they raise children with less favorable developmental outcomes. Not only are they impulsive and aggressive who come off as rude but they also tend to be spoiled and self centered with very little
Aggleton shows teens the truth about sex instead of something seen as romantic and a risk, and they seeing themselves as people who are experimenting with new things. However, to others it is not a sign of romance but a risk that keeps haunting teenagers with AIDS and pregnancy. Even though young people are stereotyped as being more negative when it comes to the issue of sex, not all teenagers are that concerned with it. The author states more teenagers are looking at the outcome of having sex and thinking about the STD issue. Another issue is sex when it comes to parties and drugs. It seems that more and more girls are not getting the necessary understandings of the risks of sex, therefore having it at a younger age. While males are having sex for reasons just to try it out, or because they think they are cool. So the problem is teens are having sex for the wrong reasons without looking into the consequences.