Acidosis versus Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis is a disorder that presents itself when the lungs are not able to remove enough of the carbon dioxide, or CO2, that is created by the body. When there is too much CO2 present the pH of blood, along with other bodily fluids decrease, which in turn makes them overly acidic. Normal blood pH falls in the 7.5 to 7.45 range; acidosis is present when the pH of the blood falls the normal pH range. (Team, T. H. (2017, March 22).) Respiratory acidosis is often caused by an underlying disease or condition, such as asthma, COPD, pneumonia, or sleep apnea. This can also result in respiratory failure or ventilatory failure. There are two types of respiratory acidosis- acute and chronic. Acute respiratory acidosis occurs hastily. If left untreated symptoms will continue to get worse and may even become life-threatening. Chronic respiratory acidosis is the opposite; it develops gradually over time. This form does not cause symptoms. The body actually adapts to the increased acidity. In chronic respiratory acidosis the kidneys can produce more bicarbonate to help maintain the pH balance. Elderly patients are at a higher risk for electrolyte and fluid imbalances, which can
…show more content…
In order to function properly your body relies on oxygen. (O'Connell, K. (2017, March 13).) Whenever you take a breath in you allow oxygen into your lungs. When you release a breath you release carbon monoxide along with it. Respiratory alkalosis is when you breathe too fast or too deep and your carbon dioxide levels drop too low. This raises the pH of blood to pH levels above 7.45, making it become too alkaline. This is a common acid-base disorder in the elderly. This results from increased ventilation and may delay recovery, prolong hospitalizations, and affect clinical outcomes. (O'Connell, K. (2017, March
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
The cause for the acid-base balance would be the sedative, the patient’s weight which is obese, respiratory, bicarbonate and metabolic problem.
Homeostasis is the biological process that maintains a stable internal environment despite what occurs in the external environment. Chemicals and bodily functions are maintained in a balanced state so the body may function optimally. There are various systems in the human body that require maintenance through the processes of biochemical checks and balances so they may function properly. One of these systems includes the rise and fall of blood glucose and is under the control of the homeostatic regulation process. Homeostasis is essential in blood glucose regulation as high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) are dangerous and can affect the human body in many ways and can also lead
Another effect that could cause a change to our oxygen dissociation curve is if our body temperature goes up then this will lead to the curve shifting to the right and if our body temperature decreases then this will lead to the curve shifting to the left. So if the curve shits to the right that means our haemoglobin transport oxygen and give it to the working muscles so that it used. If the curve shifts left then haemoglobin then transport co2 away from the muscles to the body as its a waste product.
who has lost a lot of his or her oxygen cc exchanging ability, due to the
The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system, being split into sympathetic pathways, which prepare the body for action and parasympathetic pathways which prepare the body for rest. This regulates the functions of the body and some of the muscles automatically.
One of the common diseases in the respiratory system that many people around the world face is emphysema or also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a chronic lung condition where the alveoli or air sacs may be damaged or enlarged resulting in short of breath (Mayo Clinic, 2011). If emphysema is left untreated, it will worsen causing the sphere shaped air sacs to come together making holes and reduce the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen that travels through the bloodstream, blocking the airways of the lungs (Karriem- Norwood, 2012). The most common ways a patient can get emphysema are by cigarette smoking or being exposed to chemicals, dust or air pollutants for a long period of time. Common physical exams reveal a temperature of 100.8 Fahrenheit, 104 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 146/92, and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per min (Karriem- Norwood, 2012). (see appendix A.1,A.2, A.3, A.4 for complete proof.)
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
When red blood cells are concentrated, during dehydration, they produce more lactic acid than the body needs. This is called Lactic acidosis, when there is an abundant amount of lactic acid being produced when it is not needed. This causes a buildup of lactic acid in the body, which can result in heart failure, cancer, seizures, liver failure, and low blood sugar.
Our body need a type of mechanism that is needed to maintain its internal environment. This is usually controlled by the process of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment (that means keeping the condition inside your body the same).
Alveolar hyperventilation causes a decreased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The decrease in PaCO2 increases the ratio of bicarbonate concentration to PaCO2 which increases the pH level. The decrease in PaCO2 develops when a strong respiratory stimulus causes the respiratory system to remove more carbon dioxide than is produced. Respiratory alkalosis can be acute or chronic. Acute respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal and the serum pH is alkalemic. Chronic respiratory alkalosis is when the PaCO2 level is below the lower limit of normal, but the pH level is relatively normal or near normal. Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base abnormality observed in patients who are critically ill. It is associated with numerous illnesses and is a common finding in patients on mechanical ventilation. Many cardiac and pulmonary disorders can occur with respiratory alkalosis. When respiratory alkalosis is present, the cause may be a minor or non–life-threatening disorder. However, more serious disease processes should also be considered in the differential diagnosis (Byrd, 2017). Hyperventilation is most likely the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is also known as over breathing (O’Connell, 2017).
Yearly, around six hundred to nine hundred people are diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia within the United States. Aplastic Anemia is a autoimmune hematological disorder that causes pancytopenia which is a reduction in major blood components, namely, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. This disease has been labelled as a type of bone marrow failure, that is often due to not one but a variety of disorders that occur simultaneously. Aplastic Anemia can therefore be defined as a bone marrow disorder that is often rare, non contagious, and can often be life threatening.
...ystems action leading to coma and death. Alkalosis is when the bloods pH increases to become more alkaline, it results in over excitement of the nervous system leading to convulsions. There are key pH changers that can occur; vomiting can lead to alkalosis, diarrhea can lead to acidosis. Kidney disfunction could happen either way, if the kidneys get messed up then blood pH can be all over the place.
Acid-Base balance is the state of equilibrium between proton donors and proton acceptors in the buffering system of the blood that is maintained at approximately pH 7.35 to 7.45 under normal conditions in arterial blood. It is important to regulate chemical balance or homeostasis of body fluids. Acidity or alkalinity has to be regulated. An acid is a substance that lets out hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acid like hydrochloric acid release all or nearly all their hydrogen ions and weak acids like carbonic acid release some hydrogen ions.
Liver cancer is abnormal cell growth on or within the liver. Liver cancer is either starts in the liver (called primary liver cancer) or it spreads to the liver (called metastatic liver cancer). Metastatic liver cancer is more common in United States and Western Europe, while primary liver cancer is common in third world nations. Liver cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In the United States, it affects twice as many men as women; the average diagnosis age for liver cancer is 67.