Egypt Research Paper

Cairo As Egypt’s capital having a population as high as 12 million, as well as being the 17th largest metropolitan area in the world. Cairo is one of the largest city in Africa as well as the middle East, (Cairo Population, 2017). Having only two seasons (summer and winter), Cairo has been standing for more than 1,000 years on the same location with lavish vegetation and tall sky scrapers facing the Nile River. In A. D. 969 Jawhar, the leader of Fatimids, established a new city near al-Fustat, initially naming it al-Mansuriyah (its name was later changed to al-Qahirah, or Cairo). The Fatimids eventually became the rulers of Egypt, establishing an empire that lasted for two centuries, Cairo became their capital (Sanders, 2008).

Saladin in time defeated the Crusaders and started the Ayyubid dynasty in the twelfth century, he kept Cairo as his capital, becoming the center of a vast empire. During the thirteenth century, the Ayyubids were over shadowed by Turkish military conquerors known as the Mamluks, they ruled Egypt from A. D. 1260 to 1516. During the Mamluk era, Cairo experienced its most famous period, most of its greatest buildings were constructed during this period and Cairo played a significant role in the east-west spice trade. During the

In 1517 the Ottoman sultan Selim I dominated Egypt, overpowering the Mamluk forces and the city came under Turkish rule. Under the Ottomans, Cairo was reduced to a district capital, and by the end of the eighteenth century, its population declined. The Egyptian Revolution in 1952, ended the colonial presence in Cairo. Subsequently, a great amount of Egyptians from other parts of the country moved to the capital. Pushing the government to work on accommodating a rapidly growing urban population by creating new, planned suburbs, including Nasr City, Muqattam City, and Engineers' City (Sanders,