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Historical analysis of the bacons rebellion
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What is Bacon’s Rebellion and why is it important? Bacon’s Rebellion is an uprising and revolution against the rule of Virginia Governor William Berkeley in Jamestown. William Berkeley took power in 1641, replacing Francis Wyatt as Governor of Virginia. Leading the rebellion in 1676 was Nathaniel Bacon, therefore the rebellion against William Berkeley was named Bacon’s Rebellion. Like other outskirt settlers of Virginia, Bacon witnessed Berkeley did nothing to protect the outskirt of Jamestown from Native Indians and sense favoritism towards the “elite”. The Bacon’s Rebellion ended after Berkeley successfully defeated the rebels with attacks across the Chesapeake Bay, recapturing Jamestown. Although the rebellion lasted for a year, there were …show more content…
The outskirt of Jamestown, Virginia was surrounded by six different Native American tribes. The spark of the rebellion occurred on “July 1675 with a raid by the Doeg Indians on the plantation of Thomas Mathews, which began in a dispute over the nonpayment of some items Mathews had apparently obtained from the tribe” (National Park Service). In response, “Two militia captains, both with a history of aggression toward the Indians, went after the Doeg, but indiscriminately killed 14 friendly Susquehannock in the process… five chiefs came out to parley, the colonists attacked and killed them” (Wiseman). More and more people from each side of the party become involved due to falsely being misidentified as the enemy, therefore innocent lives were taken. The tension was so high between the colonists and Native Americans, “The notion that Indians and whites could not live together peaceably was enforced… The colonists were also appeased by the adoption of a more aggressive Indian policy ” (Land of the Brave). Relations between Native Americans and the colonists never healed, many other events sparked just like the one which occurred on the outskirt of Jamestown also contributed to the separation and peace between the Native Americans and …show more content…
Indentured service were “men and women who signed a contract by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia” (Encyclopedia Virginia). If the men and women served their contact fully, they would receive land themselves. There were blacks and whites in the same social class, and working the same job. During the Bacon’s Rebellion, blacks and whites worked together to rebell against Berkeley. When the rebels were finally defeated, it ended indentured servitude. Due to “the ruling class in Virginia to be terrified of white and black servants uniting and changed the hardened the slave policy along racial lines. No more would white and black people serve together on the lowest rung” (History Revived). Demand for tobacco, rice, and indigo required tremendous need for labor and “post-Bacon's Rebellion world where slavery and the plantation economy are in place, where black people are arriving in large numbers from Africa, the view of black people changes very rapidly” (PBS). Black slaves were now viewed as property that produced labor at a cheap expensed. In conclusion, the ending of the indentured service spark the demand for black slaves for
There are other factors that far more important than color of one’s skin. “Property, even a few cows or pigs, provided legal and social identity in this society” (Myne Owne Ground, 17). Therefore, Anthony Johnson and other successful free Black men have a better status and social identity than those White men serving their term as indenture servants. The testimony from Virginia Court Record of a white woman, Katherine Watkind, and John Long, a Negro, supports that there were no extreme discrimination between colors yet. Katherine Watkind claims that neighbor’s slave rapped her in the wood. However, the witnesses, a group of white and black men, say that Katherine initiates this event “soe she tooke him about the necke and kissed him” (Reading the American Past, 46). It seems like Black slaves and white servants are united as a group. They probably come to drink and enjoy their social life together behind their master. However, this kind of bonding is what the colonial elites fear the most –might overturn their master. Black and White Virginians on the eastern shore experience relative equality for much of the seventeenth century because it was a multiracial conservational with “blurred and constantly shifting “ racial boundaries, and that whites and blacks
Bacon was a man of opportunity and when a farmer that tried to trade with Native Americans was killed, it became his ticket to making it big in the New World. Only the governor, William Berkley, was allowed to trade with the Native Americans and nobody else. When the farmer was killed, William Berkley denied the upset colonists their desire to fight back. In doing so, it led Bacon to challenge his authority. He began to rally up colonists living in the backcountry where the colonists had no representation, no opportunity to achieve a fortune, and lived in a hostile environment. Everything those colonists did not have would be Bacon’s leverage in convincing them to support him and his cause. He had led 1,000 men to fight with him in hopes to rule the colony and would make changes to their benefit. William Berkley then branded Bacon as a rebel and sent for British troops. Bacon and his supporters then went into the backcountry where he eventually died of
In the Chesapeake region, Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676 led to major changes. This rebellion involved indentured servants revolting against the system, which put an end to indentured servitude and nearly annihilated the city of Jamestown. The servants believed their natural rights had been violated, so they rose up in revolution. As landowners began to fear mutinous servants, the plantation system expanded significantly. This relied heavily on the use of slaves from Africa, and greatly sped up the production of cash crops in the region.
In Jamestown, the settlers had to deal with the Powhatan Indians. The relationships with them were unstable. John Smith, whom was the leader of Jamestown, was captured by these Indians while he was on a little trip with some of his men. As he left two of his men, he came back to find them dead and himself surrounded by two hundred members of the tribe, finding himself being captured. “Six or seven weeks those barbarians kept him prisoner…” 87). After this event, the relationship only grew worse and there was constant fighting between the settlers and Indians. The Indians practiced many methods in capturing settlers such as “scalping” and other dreadful techniques. The settlers did many negative practices also which is the reason they fought so many wars and battles against each other. Later on, the Indians killed the English for their weapons that were rare to them. In contrast to the Plymouth colony, these settlers dealt with the Pequot Indians and the relations were much more peaceful for a certain time frame. At one point, one Indian was brave enough to approach them and spoke to them (in broken English). He taught them the ways of the land, and developed a peace with the man. The settlers from the Plymouth colony learned many ways to grow food from these Indians. “He directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish and to procure other commodities, and was also their
Tensions between Americans and Indians rose due to the passive stance America courts took when dealing with hate crimes against Indians. Rumors centered around the idea of Indians encroaching on colonists’ land were widespread. Although fabricated, the gossip quickly escalated the already high tensions between the two cultures. Pennsylvania colonists discovered their precious tax dollars went towards providing aid to the many Indians who lived amongst them. Paxton, a village located in Pennsylvania, became the hotspot for disgruntled, committed radicals wanting to attack neighboring Indian tribes. The village of Paxton was primarily occupied by pacifist Quakers, so it was easy for the radicals to overpower the town. (Who Were the Paxton Boys?... 1). This city provided an organized meeting spot where radicals could conjugate and discuss plans. In December of 1763, men from the village of Paxton took up arms and raided a small tribe of Conestoga Indians (John H.
He accused Bacon of being an Atheist and a Rebel who tried to rid the Colony of “Religion and Laws”(Governor William Berkely on Bacon's Rebellion 19 May 1676.). According to Berkeley, Bacon thought that the laws were beneath him and has constantly “dishonor[ed] the English Nation” (Governor William Berkely on Bacon's Rebellion 19 May 1676.). William Berkeley did all that he could to tarnish Bacon and his accusations.
The Stono Rebellion and Bacon’s Rebellion both thoroughly demonstrated the determination of the American people in the British colonies. Despite the brutal treatment that slaves received and the inadequate policies for protecting the farmers of Virginia, both groups of people rose up in distinguished acts of defiance. These revolutionaries both had the goal to make a point to the British government that they are to be feared and not trampled upon. The Virginian farmers did not accept the policies of William Berkley and instead of living under his power, they rose up to fight
The use of labor came in two forms; indenture servitude and Slavery used on plantations in the south particularly in Virginia. The southern colonies such as Virginia were based on a plantation economy due to factors such as fertile soil and arable land that can be used to grow important crops, the plantations in the south demanded rigorous amounts of labor and required large amounts of time, the plantation owners had to employ laborers in order to grow crops and sell them to make a profit. Labor had become needed on the plantation system and in order to extract cheap labor slaves were brought to the south in order to work on the plantations. The shift from indentured servitude to slavery was an important time as well as the factors that contributed to that shift, this shift affected the future generations of African American descent. The history of colonial settlements involved altercations and many compromises, such as Bacons Rebellion, and slavery one of the most debated topics in the history of the United States of America. The different problems that occurred in the past has molded into what is the United States of America, the reflection in the past provides the vast amount of effort made by the settlers to make a place that was worth living on and worth exploring.
The role of an indentured servant in the 1700s was not a glamorous one. They came to the New World knowing that, for a time, they would be slaves for someone they did not know and the risk of disease and death was high, but the opportunity that laid ahead of them after their time of servitude was worth everything to these settlers of the New World. They came to America for the same reasons as all of the other settlers. Religious freedom, land, wealth, and a new start were motives for both settlers and indentured servants but the one thing separating most settlers from the indentured servants was that they could afford their voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Indentured servants couldn’t buy their ticket to the New World, but that didn’t stop
...able behavior far different from that of rebellion.” The colonists held their tongues as long as they could, but in 1676, their frustration grew too strong. Bacon and a thousand Virginians rebelled and overthrew the governor, in what is known as Bacon’s Rebellion. Shortly after the rebellion, Bacon died, and Governor Berkeley returned and viciously crushed the brigands.
When the English landed in Jamestown in 1607, the dominant tribe of the area was the Powhatan (which the English settlers named after the leader of the tribe, Powhatan). At first meeting, the Powhatan considered the settlers as allies, who may be able to aid them in their struggle for land and power over the other tribes in the area. These relations strained when starving settlers started to take food from the Native Americans. In 1610, any notion of alliance between the Powhatan and the Virginia settlers was immediately crushed when Lord De La Warr arrived with a declaration of war against all Indians in the Jamestown area. De La Warr used his "Irish Tactics" of burning houses and crops and taking prisoners to destroy the Native Americans in what was known as the First Anglo-Powhatan war. A peace treaty was signed, but lasted only eight years. The Powhatan killed 347 settlers, which lead to the Virginia Company to give orders for "a perpetual war without peace or truce." Although the Powhatan made one more attempt at destroying the Virginians, they were defeated again in the Second Anglo-Powhatan war. The peace treaty of 1646 eliminated all chance of the Powhatan coexisting with the Virginia settlers. The treaty also banished the Indians from their native lands, which lay the president for what was later known as a reservation. After this the number of Native Americans in Virginia dwindled to a low 10% of the population.
When America was first founded the colonists believed that they could do one of two things. They could either ask for entire families and groups of people to come over from England to start family farms and businesses to help the colony prosper. The other option was to take advantage of the lower class people and promise them land and freedom for a couple of years of servitude (Charles Johnson et al, Africans in America 34). Obviously the second option was used and this was the start of indentured servitude in colonial America. The indentured servants that came from England were given plenty of accommodations in exchange for their servitude. They were also promised that after their time of service was complete that they would receive crops, land, and clothing to start their new found lives in America. Men, children, and even most criminals, rushed to the ports hoping to be able to find work in America and soon start their new life. However, a large quantity of them either died on the voyage over, died from diseases, or died from the intensity of their work, before their servitude was complete (Johnson et al, Africans, 34). America finally began to show signs of prosperity due to the crop, tobacco. The only problem now was that the majorit...
James D. Rice’s Tales From a Revolution is perhaps one of the most important works on early Colonial America. This concise and informative narrative focuses on an important event in American History that has simply been overlooked by many Americans and historians, Bacon’s Rebellion, which occurred in 1676. This revolt played a significant role in the course of history at a pivotal time in early America. Rice focuses on much more than the actual revolt, giving a very vivid and easy to comprehend overview of the occurrences that took place before, during, and after this climactic and transformative event in history that would be one of the first of many rebellions and revolutions that would gradually pave the way for the foundation of America.
With every piece of history, behind them were tensions. Bacon’s Rebellion took place in Jamestown, Virginia in 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon. Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of Virginia, adopted policies that favored the large planters. He also angered farmers on Virginia's western frontier because he failed to protect their settlements from Indian attacks. Nathaniel Bacon was upset due to how Berkeley was leading colony and led a rebellion against Berkeley's government. He raised an army of volunteers and conducted a series of raids against Indian villages a...
Tension and disputes are sometimes resolved by force but more often by negotiation or treaties. On the other hand, the Natives were described as strong and very innocent creatures awaiting the first opportunity to be christianized. The Indians were called the “Noble Savages” by the settlers because they were cooperative people, but sometimes, after having a few conflicts with them, they seem to behave like animals. We should apprehend that the encounter with the settlers really amazed the natives, they were only used to interacting with people from their own race and surroundings and all of this was like a new discovery for them as well as for the white immigrants. The relations between the English and the Virginian Indians were somewhat strong in a few ways.