Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition that creates a great deal of discussions among professionals. There are numerous debates that surround this disorder. There are theory’s presented from each side about what causes it, how to asses it, and how to deal with it effectively.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a psychological condition that usually begins in early childhood and often lasts into adulthood (University of Illinois, n.d.). Have you ever noticed a child having trouble concentrating, that can't seem to sit still, who interrupts others during their conversation, or has acted impulsively without thinking? Most of us can think of a child that has these problems, but for some children, these behaviors are uncontrollable and can interfere with their ability to form friendships or their success in school (Bussing & Grohol, n.d.).
Experts have different views on attention deficit disorder also known as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding diagnosis, medication and dependency in children resulting from use of stimulant. Minors under medication to prevent ADHD have been on the rise for the last 3 decades in the U.S. The diagnosis of ADHD varies, some states shows a high percentage of diagnosis. Production of stimulants such as Ritalin for ADHD treatments is on the rise, with scientists explaining that it is recommended for treatment.
What is ADHD? Attention Deficit Disorder (AD/HD) is mostly an organic problem, which tends to run in families. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder in childhood. An estimated 3 to 5 percent of the general population suffers from the disorder, which is characterized by agitated behavior and an inability to focus on tasks.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable, neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity (del Campo et al, 2011). The disorder begins in early childhood and persists into adolescence, and for 70% it continues on to adulthood (Sharma & Couture, 2014). Those who suffer ADHD experience challenges, particularly during their development. Impulsivity and inattention often result in lower performance in school, and greater incidents of motor accidents and¬ risky behaviour. Additionally, individuals with ADHD have higher rates of one or more comorbidities including major depression and anxiety disorders (Sharma & Couture).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, normally abbreviated as ADHD, is a disorder in which a person has trouble paying attention and focusing on tasks, tends to act without thinking and has trouble sitting still. This condition may begin in early childhood and continue into adulthood. Without treatment ADHD can cause problems at home, school, work and any social gatherings.
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder composed of three major components: inattentiveness, impulsivity, and motor hyperactivity. Symptoms of these components include excessive fidgeting with hands or feet, repeated difficulty remaining seated, following through on instructions, extreme difficulty in attempting to play quietly, and excessive interruption of conversations, just to list a few. A child with ADHD can bear one or all of these features, depending on the severity of the case. These children usually have functional impairments in a variety of places including the home, school, and in relationships with fellow peers. These signs can come and go, being extremely prevalent one day and unnoticeable the next.
For a typical person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) sitting down to do a task such as homework can be agonizing, the physical act of staying in place, being as difficult as concentrating on the work. The person with ADHD may go on in life to have social problems because symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, are mistaken as laziness or self-centeredness (14). The problems of ADHD often develop further manifesting as compulsive disorder, depression, school and job failure, relationship trouble, and substance addiction (5). ADHD is a psychiatric disorder, first documented by the medical society in 1902, that is diagnosed in 3%-5% of school age children (14). Although, there have been many changes in the understanding of the still puzzling disorder, the diagnostic criteria now given for ADHD are given by the DSM-IV, which provides lists of symptoms for three types. The person can have the hyperactivity type, the inattentive type, or a combination of the two, which is a third type. In order to be diagnosed with either type the person must express six of the symptoms from one category or the other, and the symptoms must have been present for at least six months. The person has the combination type if they have six symptoms from both categories (8) .
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is usually when a child or an adult isn’t able to focus, is overactive, not able control behavior, or a combination of all of these. ADHD is a neurobehavioral disorder and to be diagnosed the person must considered to be out of the normal range for a person's age and development. There’s three types of ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and Combination Type. The first type, behavior is determined by hyperactivity and impulsivity, not inattentiveness. Usually doctors can tell this specific type through symptoms like trouble playing quietly, talking excessively or out of turn, can’t sit neither stand still, etc. The second type behavior is marked by inattentiveness, not hyperactivity and impulsivity. This type is determined on how focused your child is, forgetfulness, listening, ability to understand directions, etc. Lastly the third type is a combination of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentive symptoms which is the most common type of ADHD. While lastly this type is determined if u have a combination of the symptoms listed before. According to NY Times Daily News about 6.4 million children have received an ADHD diagnosis at some point. There has been a 16% increase since 2007 as well as a 53% increase in the past decade. Over the course of years there’s been a doubt of the diagnostic of ADHD therefore there’s been new changes in the criteria.
determine if ADHD is present. All there is are guidelines and an educated guess. The guidelines
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is very commonly known. Today, ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders among children. The NIMH (The national institute of mental health) predicts that it affecting 3 to 5 percent of all children(AACAP), with an approximate amount of 30% to 65% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood (AACAP).There are three types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and Combination Type(ehow.com). The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three main categories; hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. These behaviors can interfere with ADHD sufferers’ ability to focus deliberately on organizing and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy. A case of this kind of behavior is recognized in a report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behavior (clinicaltrials.gov) These kinds of behaviors can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem, depending on severity of their symptoms (adhd.com). In this paper, the multiple factors of how ADHD affects, and is handled, of those who undergo this disorder, are shown.
Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder or ADHD is a dysfunction in the brain. People that were diagnosed with ADHD will show these symptoms; poor attention span, excessive impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These symptoms will cause people diagnosed with ADHD trouble in organization, memory, focus, sitting still, and staying quiet. ADHD was first identified in 1902 by Professor Still. Professor Still was observing children that showed the signs of a person diagnosed with ADHD. He noted how children could not sit still for a certain period of time nor could they stay quiet. He believed that this “restlessness” originated from somewhere inside the brain. This theory was supported by Bradley in 1937, Bradley discovered a psycho-stimulant amphetamine that could reduce the levels of hyperactivity. ADHD is a common disorder, about 30%-40% of children are affected by ADHD. Today ADHD lead expert is Professor Russell Barkley. Barkley believes that the symptoms shown are just reactions. A simple explanation would be when you touch something hot you retract your hand that is a reaction no thought required. Barkley theory is that people diagnosed with ADHD just react, they don’t think or think as much as a person without ADHD. They just react on normal everyday task and everything is based off their personality in their frontal lobes. ADHD does not affect a person intelligence directly, meaning a person can have a high IQ score and still have ADHD but it does affect your educational abilities which can negatively affect your intelligence. There are two main ways to treat ADHD, psychosocial treatment and pharmacotherapy.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)