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Air pollution (concerns and issues) essay
The problem of air pollution
The problem of air pollution
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Introduction
Central California has a unique geography that helps contribute to the poor air quality. I will present information from the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution District and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to provide details on the high levels of pollutants in the Central Valley and possible causes. After which, I will discuss ways I, and others, can improve the air around us and protect our health.
Geography
The San Joaquin valley in central California is “bowl”. On both its eastern and western sides are mountain ranges. Because of this, winter fog and summer haze tend to linger and hover over the valley because it gets trapped, unable to roll out to the sea. This means that pollutants also linger.
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That means the air pollutants of concern are 20-30 time smaller than a strand of hair. These particulates come from a variety of sources but many of them are related to agriculture, with 19% tied directly to farming operations and another 19% to ag waste burning. (San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, 2015). The other source of concern is ozone. Ozone contributes to smog, a common occurrence in the valley as it is the result of a reaction between NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) and VOC (volatile organic compounds) in sunlight. Again, the biggest contributor is farming. For NOx, 43% is attributed to heavy-duty diesel trucks and 11% for farm equipment. 33% of VOC emission are also a result of farming operations. (Air quality guide for particle pollution, …show more content…
If I had the resources, I would trade my 2008 Honda in for a new hybrid. The hybrids use a combination of gas and electric to run the car. One of the features I find most attractive is the battery recharges while idling and doesn’t require the special charging station of a fully electric car. And while it isn’t a way to improve the quality, I support taking crucial steps to protect our health and those around us in this unhealthy climate. Local schools have recess policies. When the Quality Index reaches any condition beyond “good”, a health plan kicks in. Recess time is moved indoors or outside activity curtailed. In the higher danger zones, outdoor activities are eliminated altogether, with sporting events canceled or rescheduled. (Air quality - Clovis unified school district, 2015). The City of Fresno sets up cooling centers to allow residence to go indoors in a cool environment to keep at-risk groups from risking heat related illnesses as they attempt to stay indoors in areas without air conditioning or the financial means to pay high electric
Behind Millerton Lake, lies an existing structure made up of concrete of 319 foot high, this dam is called the Friant Dam. In the San Joaquin Valley below the project's authority of Fresno, Madera, Kern, and Tulare; the water holds and deliver up to a million acres. In 1933 and throughout 1934, the state couldn't find enough contributors to buy revenues bonds to complete the project. Luckily, the River and Harbors Act of 1935 by the United States Congress came through and financed under the United State Army Corps of Engineers.
Many communities around the world face health risks from airpollution. The San Diego/ US–Mexico border crossing at the San Ysidro Port of Entry is the world's busiest international land border crossing. San Ysidro is a community located in California that is adjacent to the border crossing. Being close to the international border may result in exposure to pollution from lines of idling vehicles at the Ports of Entry, trade-related commercial trucks, and transport of pollutants from Mexico. Luckily, Casa Familiar, a local community development agency has launched a two-year project to study and analyze the health risks associated with air pollution at the border. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) will
Air Pollution has had a very damaging effect on our nation most visited National Park, The Great Smokey Mountains. Two areas is has effected dramatically are visibility and vegetation. According to Nps, over the past 50 years “visibility in the southern Appalachians has decreased 40% in winter and 80% in summer.”(1) On an average day once can see up to 25 miles, however, this is quite bad considering normal conditions allow visibility up to 95 miles. When air pollution is at its worst, and the airborne sulfate particles from the burning of fossil fuels are at its peak, visibly can shirk as much as 1 mile. Vegetation on the other hand has also been the victim of air pollution. These ozone pollutants, taking a ride from the prevailing winds, are threatening multiple species of plants and trees. “Thirty species of plants showed leaf damage after being exposed to controlled ozone levels identical to those that occur in the park.” (1). Along with plants, these toxins can affect human health as well.” Not only does this unsightly pollution continue to reduce visibility at national parks, it also poses serious health problems to communities around the country, including asthma, bronchitis, and other serious respiratory ailments.”(2).
One of the most dangerous environment issues Southern California is facing today is air pollution. This includes the burning of fossil fuels and natural disasters. Los Angeles is one of the most polluted cities in the world, and the most polluted city in the United States. I will research information about the causes, the effects, and the history of air pollution in the Los Angeles. For my research, I have relied mostly on, the school’s database and library, as well as current events.
Agricultural processes like maintaining a farm or plowing of a field, create another source of pollution. Farm equipment drive down dirt roads fumes and exhaust are emitted; dirt and dust is stirred up. Every year there is the allergy sufferers, dreaded almond harvest. The almonds are harvested and the valley becomes a dustbowl. Dust from farming contains a plethora of things: animal waste, minerals, pesticides, pollens, grains, Dust created from organic matter can contain fungal spores, toxins and bacteria.
California EPA Air Resources Board. (2011, October 20). California Emission Reduction. Retrieved March 4, 2012, from CA.Gov: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onrdiesel/documents/multirule.pdf
Air pollution is caused by many things such as car fumes, burning of fossil fuels,
Transportation by car though, is the major source of air pollution. Early in the century human invented, internal combustion engine, engine that use fuel as gasoline or diesel. Those engines were used to manufacture an automobile for fast travel from one place to another. Because they were not much in use, those few cars were not enough to threat the environment. Those engines were not fast enough so mastermind humans invented bigger and faster engines and those take more fuel. When these engines burn fuels they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by products. Once they are released into the air, the products of incomplete combustion, particulate matter (soot, ash, and other solids), unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, various nitrogen oxides, ozone, and lead, undergo a series of chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight. The result is the dense haze characteristic of smog. “Smog may appear brownish in color when it contains high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, or it may look blue-gray when it contains large amounts of ozone” (Danger).
There have been countless occurrences of disasters due to air pollution, especially in America. Not too long ago in Donora, Pennsylvania in October 1948, there was a smog “invasion” to the city causing 20 deaths and infecting thousands more. Smog is defined as “fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants.” The contributor to this disaster was the city’s zinc and steel mill, which blew out constant toxic smoke.
People that live in areas with higher levels of air pollutants have around a 20% higher chance of death from lung cancer than people that live in areas with less pollution (Dosomething.org). Air pollution seems to affect living beings more directly because of our exposure through breathing. Consequently it is not surprising that, respiratory problems like pneumonia, asthma,bronchitis, etc, are so common. The growing amounts
Firstly, Ozone or smog is created by chemical reactions and sunlight. Pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are called "ozone precursors." They combine in the presence of hot, stagnant, sunny weather to create ozone (or smog). Ozone is the primary ingredient of photochemical smog, which irritates eyes and throat and also damage vegetation (Ahrens, 2011). Ozone precursors in Fresno come from cars, trucks, buses, agricultural equipment, dairies, and consumer products such as paint and even hair spray. Secondly, Particle Matter is the most concern air pollutant in Fresno, and it causes Fresno to have the bad air quality especially during fall and winter seasons because Fresno is the one of the largest agricultural industry regions in the United States, and the agricultural produces the majority of particle matter to our environment. The factors that are responsible for the Particle Matter that causes the air pollution in Fresno comes from agricultural operations, industrial processes, combustion of wood and fossil fuels, construction and demolition activity, and road dust kicked into the air. Windblown dust and wildfires are also the major reasons that contribute to the air pollution in Fresno. Also, diesel soot is another major concern in the Valley because of the high volume of trucks and cars that use Highway 99. According
Countless types of pollution comprise of acid rain and the ozone layer having holes in it (Welch, 2013). Burning fuel for energy is one of the leading causes for air pollution. For instance, this burning fuel is exhausted from means of transportation, homes and industries. Even having a barbeque can cause air pollution because of the wood burning (Welch, 2013). This is surprising since when one is driving their car or having a barbeque, the individual is unaware that they are causing air pollution, which ironically having an effect on themselves as well. Likewise, the air pollution could also be influenced by turning on the fireplace and the charcoal burning which released from the chimney into the air. Another method for producing pollution is from noxious gases, such as nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide (Welch, 2013). These gases are distributed from manufactured ways like from factories or industries. Moreover, these gases mix in the atmosphere with chemicals, which creates smog and acid rain (Welch,
The burning of fossil fuels, gas operated vehicles add with the quality of the air.
Smog is a problem around the world, but in the city of Los Angeles, it is especially bad. Los Angeles has been dealing with smog for decades, and to understand it, there needs to be an understanding of what smog is. Smog is one of the many pollutants that we as humans put into our atmosphere, and it is especially persistent in Los Angeles. There is a history of smog in LA, with the first instances of smog being seen as a problem starting in 1943. At the time, the causes of smog were not known, but first actions were implemented. Today, there is a much more advanced understanding not only of the creation of smog, but the effects it has on the people who breathe the air it contaminates. We know the impact our vehicles have in creating the
Air pollution is a gas, liquid, or solid dispersed through ordinary air, which released in a big enough quantity to harm the health of people or other animals, kill plants or stop them growing properly, damage or disrupt any other aspect of the environment such as making buildings crumble, or cause some other kind of nuisance that can reduce visibility or an unpleasant odor (Chris Woodford). According to an article that published by the Sacramento Bee, the author stated that Fresno and other cities in the Central Valley are also suffering from geographical disadvantages, and tons of the tiny particle pollution produced on the coast and they carried inland by prevailing winds. Specifically, agriculture industry is one of the air pollutants that generate the bad air quality throughout Fresno because of their heavy machinery. Fresno is one of the largest cities that produce a large amount of agricultural and diary products in the United States. Historically, Fresno is known as the