Gyrinops versteegii that growing dominate on Lombok is one kind of agarwood producing sufficient demand in the agarwood market. G. versteegii has many uses, among other things: as an antioxidant because it has content of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, glycosides and triterpenoid (Yanti et al., 2013). This species belongs to a species that is protected because it is one of the types that listed in Appendix II CITES, i.e. trade is regulated because it populations are increasingly limited in nature (Wiriadinata et al., 2013). According to Akter et al. (2013), agarwood formed as a response that called tylosis, which is the production of a resin with high volatile organic compounds that aids in suppressing or retarding the infection. According …show more content…
It is possible to occur because of a few decayed area formed at some of the observations. Influentials factors in addition to decayed areas, i.e. had enough length of the isolates isolates-kept in a laboratory, and have been repeatedly moved on artificial medium. Those isolates are thought to be difficult to adapt to conditions in the field because it's already long enough bred and maintained in the laboratory. Duncan test results indicate the agarwood formation areas of all samples are most significantly different if compared to the control. This is possible because the decayed area that formed on PDB media without isolates treatment has the large number than the other 3 treatments. Based on observations on the area of infection, the formation symptoms of the brownish color vertically larger than horizontal (Figure 2). This is because the direction of the network vessels stems of plants that serve as transportation of water and liquid nutrients composed of vessel cells vertically, hypha of fungi that inoculated can use the cells to expand the invasion (Novriyanti, …show more content…
REFERENCES
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Liu, Y., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wei, J., Meng, H., ... & Gao, Z. (2013). Whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique: an efficient novel technique for producing high-quality agarwood in cultivated Aquilaria sinensis trees. Molecules, 18(3), 3086–3106.
Mohamed, R., Jong, P. L., & Kamziah, A. K. (2014). Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaria malaccensis trees in the nursery. Journal of Forestry Research, 25(1), 201–204.
Mulyaningsih, T. (2015). Ekologi Gaharu Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke di Hutan Lombok Barat. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Novriyanti, E. (2008). Peranan Zat Ekstraktif Dalam Pembentukan Gaharu Pada Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte dan Aquilaria microcarpa Baill. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Pasaribu, G., Waluyo, T. K., & Pari, G. (2013). Analisis Komponen Kimia Beberapa Kualitas Gaharu dengan Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 31(3),
Grelen, Harold E. May Burns Stimulate Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings. New Orleans: Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1978.
Rukayah Aman. 1998. Rare and wild fruit of Peninsular Malaysia and their potential uses.InM.N.B. Nair, Mohd Harmami Sahri & Zaidon Ashaari, ed. Sustainable management of non-wood forest products. 14-17 October 1997. Serdang Putra Malaysia Press. Retrevied from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/AB598E/AB598E18htm#3743
Each of these Pennsylvania evergreen species provides a variety of resources unique to their own species. Whether it be producing timbe...
Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system.
AIG’s corporate culture played a big role in its downfall. They seemed to be more concerned about their own personal gains in the short run than what the effects were going to be in the long run. The company did very poorly and accumulated billions of dollars in the red, and still many top executives were getting paid in cash bonuses after the bailout. These bonuses amounted to almost 2-3 times their salaries they earned before the bailout. AIG’s focus was on the reward system this placed little responsibility on executives who made poor decisions. This resulted in many believing AIG had neither concern nor acknowledgement to changing their ways. Also, shortly after the bailout AIG spent over $300,000 on a conference held in phoenix at a lavish resort. This did not sit very well with stakeholders. AIG executives and upper management time and time again were showing little change in business practices even after the bailout.
Talbot, M. (1944, December 27). Site preparation as an aid to sugar pine regeneration. Retrieved from http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_rn_os041/cfres_rn041.pdf
SA which has been shown to have an important role ina plant’s defense responses also had an increased amount of production, which helped increase the plants immune response.
The lignin in plants also works as a barrier against attack by insects and fungi
Many seemingly unrelated factors might determine the ability of a specific tissue to regenerate into shoots and roots. Among them, mineral nutrients, plant growth regulators and environmental factors are critical. All ready standardized media for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration adopted to carry out regeneration round study. The medium consisted of macronutrients, micro nutrients, Fe-EDTA, vitamins, amino acids, sucrose/maltose, agar and plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokines). Coconut Water (CW) was used as organic additives in regeneration experiments. This was collected from tender nuts, filtered through Whatman filter paper (3 mm) and added in medium before autoclaving.
Trees not only have the capability of bringing majestic beauty to a landscape, they also have the ability to sustain the livelihood of individuals from the small seeds they provide. Traditionally trees have been felled to make timber, but the Shea tree through the development of seeds has the potential to develop into a major export item. Shea Butter comes from the seeds of the Shea tree which can be used in the manufacture of food items, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The moisturizing and healing properties of Shea butter have been discovered by western cosmetic industries in recent years, but Shea butter has been in use in African society for centuries. The Shea butter is gathered by women and young children and involves tedious labor before the product can be sold to itinerant trader and then finally to a larger supplier. There is some controversy involved with the harvesting of this widely used and coveted cosmetic item as women and children have to work hard but are not paid fairly for their product. Production and sale of Shea butter covers a number of topics, including but not limited to global poverty, ways to acquire hard currency, women and development, and finally globalization and the environment.
Barnett, J. R. (2004). Langenheim, J.H. Plant resins: chemistry, evolution, ecology and ethnobotany. Annals Of Botany, 93(6), 784-785. doi:10.1093/aob/mch103
The first plant will be introduced is Gamboge, Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. , which is a dicotyledonous plant. The leaves are in opposite arrangement. The apex of leaf is obtuse. It grows in tropical area and the fruit is berry typed with a smooth skin on top. The xylem sap is usually used in to put on the wound or being treated to synthesize Chinese herbs. It is good in blood
The purpose of this lab was to calculate the percent composition by mass of oxygen in potassium chlorate.
extracted from the stem and used to make rope, stout fabrics, paper, fuel, food, plastic, composite
...ay a part in western medicine. Certain tree species, notably the cedar mangrove, cannonball mangrove (relatives of the red cedar) and the grey mangrove, are prized for their hard wood and used for boat building and cabinet timber as well as for tools such as digging sticks, spears and boomerangs. The fronds of the nypa palm are used for thatching and basket weaving. Various barks are used for tanning, pneumatophores (peg roots) make good fishing floats while the wood from yellow mangroves (Ceriops species) has a reputation for burning even when wet.