Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and depression are just a few effects of obesity. Being excessively overweight can also come with social stigmas and alienation. Is it so surprising that people who are obese try drastic measures to lose weight? Measures including: Hollywood fad diets, self starvation, unhealthy exercise routines, diet pills or diet shakes, none of which produce long lasting results but can cause further mental and physical stress on an individual. The fact is, 95% of dieters will regain the weight they lost in 1 to 5 years (National association for weight loss surgery paragraph 32). In these cases, should a person who is overweight subject themselves to weight loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, which come with their own set of dangers and side effects? In this essay I wish to discover if the benefits of weight loss surgery outweigh the potential risks.
According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 20% of patients who undergo any weight loss surgey experience complications in some form (National association for weight loss surgery paragraph 15).
There are many types of weight loss surgeries, adjustable gastric banding, also known as a lap band, has had its share of success by providing an average of 40% excess weight loss in the first year and has helped to resolve type 2 diabetes (Welch, paragraph 3). This surgery does come with risks and side affects such as: bleeding, blood clots, perforation of the stomach or asophogous, spleen damage and abdominal infection, these represent a 1% to 3% chance of occurance for the patient, and in less than 1% of patients death (Sutter Health paragraph 6). According to the American Obesity Association there is at least a 10% chance of complication...
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...r Obese People, News Medical. May 2 2013. Web. February 17 2014. http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130502/LAP-BAND-
weight-loss-procedure-safe-and-effective-for-obese-people.aspx
MacLean, Lloyd D and Rhode, Barbara M and Nohr, Carl W. Late Outcome of Isolated Gastric Bypass.
Annals of surgery Vol. 231, No. 4, 524–528, 2000. Web. February 17 2014.
Medline Plus. Gastric Bypass Surgery. US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health. 6 April 2012. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007199.htm Sutter Health.
Weight Loss Surgery Statistics and Definitions. National Association for Weight Loss Surgery. 2012. Web. March 7 2014. http://www.nawls.com/public/102.cfm?sd=2
Welch, Liz. “Is Weight-Loss Surgery Really Safe?.” Health (Time Inc._ 27.10 (2013): 96. A HealthWatch. Web, library database. 11 Feb. 2014.
Surgery (such as in the case of liposuction) – this is the most invasive kind of treatment as the patient is subjected to a surgical procedure. There is a need to be anesthetized in order for the fats to be sucked out of your body. After this, you also need some time to recover before you can go...
Both men and women who have overall good general health are suitable candidates for tummy tuck surgery. Several reasons including dramatic or frequent weight fluctuations, and aging, may b...
Some of these examples include the laparoscopic version of bypass for obese patients, letting them leave a hospital within 23
Obesity remains an extremely serious issue worldwide. Once considered a problem for wealthier counties, overweight and obesity are now dramatically increasing in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2011). In American, the rates of obesity continue to soar. CDC (2009) recognizes obesity as a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems. According to NHANES over two-thirds of the US are overweight or obese, and over one-third are obese (CDC, 2009). Treatment for this illness varies; it may include the incorporation of diet, exercise, behavior modification, medication, and surgery. Since there is no single cause of all overweight and obesity, there is no single way to prevent or treat overweight and obesity that will help everyone (CDC, 2009).
There are many heath risks associated with any medical procedure. Gastric bypass beyond a doubt helps people shed on average about half their original weight, however, with such a dramatic weight loss and decrease in stomach size comes substantive side effects. David Bjerklie emphasizes that “there are risks, including… patients [that]… developed nerve damage ranging from minor tingling in the feet to incapaciting pain and weakness,” but many of the problems can be avoided by taking proper care by enrolling in nutrition programs. In many cases people “complain of increased sensitivity or reduced tolerance to the effects of alcohol compared with their experience before the operation.
There are many different outcomes expected from this type of hypnotic treatment. Most vendors of hypnosis specify that it's purpose is not only lose weight but to also maintain that
Obesity is now considered a global epidemic, with particularly concentrated numbers in the United States. In 2011-2012 more than one-third of U.S. adults were estimated to be obese (National Center for Health Statistics, 2013). Due to the increasing prevalence of the epidemic, anesthesiologists must manage a significant number of clinically obese patients. A large range of physiological variations are associated with obesity, including cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic functions (Leykin, v). The areas of concern for anesthesiologists when operating on the obese can be separated into three perioperative stages: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.
Today, 78.1 million American adults and 12.5 million children are obese. Obesity in America is a unstoppable epidemic. Since the 1960s, the number of obese adults have doubled and the number of obese children have tripled. Because of America’s obesity problems, Surgeon General David Satcher issued a report saying; "The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight," said that obesity "have reached epidemic proportions" in America. Obesity in America has no doubt reached epidemic proportions. Since 2001, America has been the most obese country in the world. This essay discusses what obesity is and how it is affecting today’s America by answers the following questions:
Weight loss, in the perspective of medicine, health, or physical fitness, is a decrease in the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. It can occur unintentionally due to an underlying disease or can arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. The search for the ideal weight loss operation began more than 50 years ago because exercise and diet alone are apparently ineffective in treating people with extreme and excessive obesity. Surgical pioneers expanded modern procedures that at first produced malabsorption, then constrained volume intake, and finally combined both systems. Discrepancies, adjustments, and revisions of these innovative procedures, combined with concentrated efforts to go after and file results, have led to the growth and progress of modern bariatric surgery.
Abraham and Mira warnes in 1988 that health educators and health professionals should weigh up carefully the benefits of weight loss against the risks of inducing psychological disturbances such as eating disorders and adverse physiological side effects such as dieting and severe weight loss…(37)(ajn).
More than 40,000 people a year are so desperate to lose weight they turn to the controversial, sometimes life-threatening surgery such as Gastric Bypass. I will be explaining what the surgery entitles, disadvantages vs. advantages. And most important, is Gastric bypass surgery the right choice when considering the risks. The most common form of “stomach stapling” is gastric bypass. In this procedure, a small pouch is formed in the stomach and stapled shut. The small intestine is then cut and stapled onto the pouch, shrinking the stomach’s ability to take in food. The technique involves removing a section of the stomach and rearranging the small bowel to divert bile and pancreatic secretions away from the food stream. Fats and starches flow through without being absorbed. In order to be a candidate for the surgery, patients must be considered morbidly obese or at least 100 pounds overweight. Before an individual gets the go-ahead, he or she meets with doctors and psychologists to rule out all other ways of help. Surgery may sound like the best option for a morbidly overweight person, but a small figure comes at a high price. There are health risks and the side effects can be fatal. Three people will die during every 1,000 procedures, according to the ASBS. Let me tell you about more disadvantages. More than one-third of obese patients who have gastric surgery develop gallstones. Nearly one in three develop nutritional deficiencies. Patients could also be at risk for anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease.
Tarantino, D. P. (2005). Bariatric Surgery: Assessing Opportunities for Value Innovation. Surgical Innovation, Vol 12, No 1. Retrieved September 8, 2006 from the Web
McKinley’s energy needs would be calculated using the Mifflin St. Jeor equation. In this case, Mr. McKinley’s estimated energy needs would be about 3,350 kcal/day ((10 x 186.36 kg)) + (6.25 x 177.8 cm) – (5 x 37) + 5 = 2794.85 kcal/day) x 1.2). However, this estimated energy requirement will be too high for Mr. McKinley following his bariatric procedure in which he will be experiencing rapid weight loss. According to ASMBS, low calorie diets are advised for post-bariatric surgery in the regular diet phase, which is 800-1200 kcal/day.3 After taking into account potential energy expended from adapting a physical activity plan following bariatric surgery, Mr. McKinley should aim for 1100 kcal/day once he has progressed to a regular diet. Protein intakes of 60-80 g/day, or 1.0-1.5 g/kg of ideal body weight (IBW) are recommended by many bariatric surgery programs, according to ASMBS.3 Using 1.5 g of protein/kg IBW, Mr. McKinley’s estimated protein needs would be about 113 g/day, or 453 kcal from protein. This would be too high for Mr. McKinley, when considering that nearly 50% of his energy intake would be from protein (he is already volumetrically restricted, and carbohydrate and fat intake needs to be considered, as well). Using 1.0 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, Mr. McKinley’s estimated protein requirements are 75 g of protein/day (1.0 g x 75.45 kg
Obesity is a physiological condition characterised by an excessive accumulation of body fat, specifically the build-up of adipose tissue beneath the skin. In recent years, the number of people diagnosed with clinical obesity has increased dramatically, with governments desperately trying to tackle the obesity epidemic and its associated consequences (McLannahan and Clifton, 2008). Studies have found that the prevalence of obesity once stood at an estimated 9.8% (Kelly, Yang, Chen, Reynolds & He, 2008), a considerable figure representing almost 400 million individuals worldwide. Even though obesity has now been recognised as a major problem the number of people affected is increasing rapidly, with almost 300,000 deaths attributable to obesity in the USA each year (Allison, Fontaine, Manson, Stevens, & VanItallie, 1999). Excessive amounts of fat can prove dangerous as the condition has a very high comorbidity rate with other long term health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer (Pi-Sunyer, 1993). Numerous examples of media, medical journals and educational literature concerning obesity refer to the condition as a disease, with an increasing use of the word ‘Epidemic’ to describe the somewhat recent surge of obesity cases in western societies (Boero, 2007), however there is little material available that offers evidence for obesity meeting specification for disease. Instead it has been proposed that obesity is alternatively a risk factor for developing other potentially harmful diseases, influenced by a variety of other factors i.e. genetics, cultural ideals and biological impairments.
Weight loss and health: Is loosing weight closely tied to health benefits to know this we have to review the evidence of the long-term effects of weight-loss diets on health outcomes. Physicians recommend a diet to their patients with the only assumptions that losing weight will lead to improved health. The original standard weight recommended by a physician was based on Metropolitan Life insurance tables. The tables designated for an average height women 5 '5" the expected weight would be 134 lbs. Reviews of diet studies showed that over next 30years individuals tended to lose an average of 8% of their starting weight. To be a successful dieter the standard would be an average height women weighing 200 lbs would need to lose 10lbs even