Free Biofilm Essays and Papers

A biofilm is a layer consisting of various combinations of many different organisms, autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are dense, organized communities of cells, encased in a self-produced slime. The bacteria grow together in water like atmospheres, attaching to a solid surface, forming a small ecosystem. Biofilms are known as a micro-environment, a micro-habitat, or a slime matrix. They help decompose dead organisms and recycle carbon and nutrients. Biofilms are formed on almost any surface

Biofilms occur extensively in aquatic engineering systems, where they are implicated mainly in biofouling and corrosion. Biofilm cause nosocomial infections by forming persistent growth in catheters and other body implants and medical devices; they also increase drug resistance and dental caries (Donlan, 2001). On the other hand, biofilm development followed by biofouling in cooling water system causes serious blocking of the coolant pipelines in power plants thereby increased load on pumps,

Almost all bacteria are known to have certain stage of life where they live in form of biofilms. A biofilm is nothing but cluster of cells embedded within a self-produced polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface (Costerton et al, 1995). Development of biofilm begins with the attachment of planktonic bacteria to a surface, initially through weak and reversible Van der Waals forces and then anchors itself irreversibly by cell adhesion structures such as pili. The primary colonizers

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1. Introduction Biofilms are complex microbial communities’ adhered to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) [1]. Most bacteria execute certain development stages; a) adherence of cells to a substratum, b) development of micro-colonies, c) maturation of micro-colonies into biofilms and d) detachment of bacteria and acquisition of motile phase, known as biofilm dispersal [2]. Biofilm disassembly/dispersion is believed to play very important

{Castelli:2006fq} Upon adhering to the surface of an implant, bacteria excrete a shielding biofilm that provides significant protection from both antibiotics and host immune defences. The traditional approach to treating biofilm infections relies on the use of antibiotics to either inactivate or kill planktonic, or suspended, bacteria. However, this treatment is considerably hindered by the protective biofilm produced by the bacteria.{Stewart:2002bu} In addition, recent studies have provided evidence

concentrations of antibiotic potentially increases the volume of the biofilm as stated above. Conjugating the surface with an anti-infection agent does show efficacy for the first wave of infection, but subsequent infections build up layers of cells that recoat the surface of the device, rendering the antimicrobial coating minimally effective.5 Thus, to combat bacterial biofilm infections and increase efficacy in treatment, biofilm-disrupting therapeutics are required. In recent years, there has been

However, P. aeruginosa within biofilms have been found to have a resistance to antibiotics 1,000 times greater than that of its planktonic counterparts [4]. Infections that are caused by bacterial biofilms are very persistent and very difficult to treat. Biofilms have been partially linked to the persistence of P. aeruginosa in Cystic fibrosis (CF) infections. In recent years, several methods of treatment have been developed, to prevent chronic P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. As a result of these

Urinary Catheter Associated Biofilms Introduction Biofilms are a type of complex growth that involves multiple species which specialize and carry out individual metabolic processes. A biofilm is composed of various bacterial species including multiple species of fungi, protozoans, and yeasts. These prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells attach to each other in interests of survival using an adhesive of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms function as a protected mode of growth for organisms

found on patient in hospital. Infection caused by P. aeruginosa is one of the hardest to eradicate because of its versatility and ability to form biofilm. Biofilm formation further enhances P. aeruginosa drug resistance and protects it from phagocytosis. During the course of infection, quorum sensing involving las and rhl systems are indispensable for biofilm and virulent factor productions. For instance, las system controls LasB elastase, LasA protease, exotoxin A (Hoge et al., 2010), whereas rhl system

Introduction Biofilms are complex communities of microorganism that can adhere to living or non-living surfaces. In the environment, biofilms divide by attaching and growing on surfaces. They are found in soil, aquatic system, medical devices, living tissues such as tooth, heart valves, ears and lungs. Biofilm formation is a process where the planktonic bacteria comes in contact with a surface, and producing the extracellular polymeric matrix to protect themselves against immune cells and antimicrobials

Microbial biofilms are populations of microorganisms that are concentrated at an interface and typically surrounded by an extra cellular polymeric slime matrix. Biofilms can form on both solid surfaces such as teeth or dental implants and soft tissue such as gums and cheek walls. Microbial biofilms cause dental caries and periodontal infections. Normal host immune defenses do no remove microbial biofilms and they are also resistant to the effects of antimicrobial agents. Biofilm moves through

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plaque (Muthu and Sivakumar, 2009; Tare, 2007). Dental plaque is the combination of bacteria embedded in a matrix of salivary proteins and bacterial products superimposed on the acquired pellicle (Berkovitz, et al., 2011). It is an example of a biofilm, a term used to describe relatively undefinable microbial community associated with a tooth surface or any other hard, non-shedding material (Reddy, 2008). Plaque can also be described as a soft, adherent, predominantly microbial mass, which accumulates

Biofilms are defined as complex aggregates of microorganisms which are interlinked and secrete extracellular slime, which forms the matrix for the films. The extracellular slime is chiefly made up of polysaccharides. Biofilms are usually irreversibly attached to a surface, in that once a biofilm is attached to a surface, it is quite difficult to remove. Mineral salt crystals, clay and silt particles etc. are also sometimes present within the biofilm matrix (depending upon the surroundings). The majority

called biofilms, on various surfaces like polymer, stainless steel and glass as well as biotic surfaces such as gallstones and epithelial cells (Costerton et al., 1999; Donlan and Costerton, 2002; Hall-Stoodley et al., 2006; Møretrø et al., 2009). Biofilms are the collection of microbial communities that adhere to a solid or living surface and held together by a protective self-secreted matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (Costerton et al., 1995). It is known that bacteria within biofilms are

Abstract Background: The oral cavity harbours a large number of bacterial species as normal flora existing as biofilm. Dental disease such as dental caries results when there is a shift in the balance of bacteria towards pathogenic species within these biofilms. Objective: The objective of this study was to isolation, identification and characterisation of oral bacterial species of patients with dental caries and caries-free healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: A standard bacteriological

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to cellular injury and bacterial invasion. Inflammation is the primary defense in early gingivitis. Biofilm can initiate an inflammatory response if it is left undisturbed for as little as seventy two hours. Redness and swelling are two of the cardinal signs of inflammation and can be observed clinically in gingivitis. Histamine is released by mast cells

research by stating that biofilms were crucial to the maintenance of Y. pestis. Perhaps if biofilms were not needed then it would be more distinct why species of fleas that do not develop biofilm blockages are able to act as vectors of Y. pestis. The article was very informative about how fleas are able to contract Y. pestis and transmit it to humans. Through reading the article I realized the importance of biofilms and that without the formation of blockages that occur due to biofilms Y. pestis would not

A healthy 64-year-old male was seen at the College of Southern Nevada’s Dental Hygiene Clinic on April 13, 2016 for a health history assessment, vitals and screening. The patient stated he was “feeling good.” The major reason for his coming to the clinic is to get a cleaning. His last dental visit was in 2014, and his last doctor visit was in March of 2016. He has no health problems and no allergies. He drinks one beer a day. He stated that he has one dental implant since 2000, although, no