Nursing Theory Analysis Paper
Nursing theory and research are integral aspects to improving and promoting nursing practice. These theories exist as grand theories and middle-range theories. While grand theories tend to involve broader or abstract thinking, middle-range theories are developed from grand theories but are seen as less abstract and narrow making them more applicable to clinical practice (Butts, 2015). An example of a middle-range theory that demonstrates clinical pertinence is Nola Pender’s Health Promotion model. This model, along with its theorist and clinical application will be analyzed and presented.
Theory and Background
Theory
The Health Promotion model or theory is a middle-range theory developed by Nola Pender in 1975
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Throughout her career in nursing and studying health, Pender received a Lifetime Achievement Award, an honorary doctorate in science, and was given a Distinguished Alumni Award (Petiprin, 2016). Pender was also one of the founders of the Midwest Nursing Research Society. Though retired, she continues to work on research and acts as a consultant for health promotion (Petiprin, 2016). According to Pender, her theory was influenced by attempting to develop a more positive model of care in contrast to other theories that focus on negative motivation. Pender also was motivated to develop her health promotion model after observing health care being provided following the patient’s development of an illness (Petiprin, 2016). She felt strongly about improving the individual’s quality of life through the use of health prevention education and also understood the financial benefits of decreased health care …show more content…
Inductive reasoning is when one knows a fact about something and then relates it to others or makes is generalized. With the use of inductive reasoning, the model can easily be universal to adult populations (Butts, 2015). Examples of this inductive reasoning include some of the assumptions of the theory. An example includes, the assumption based on people having “the capacity for reflective self-awareness, including assessment of their own competencies” (Pender, 2011, p.5). Here Pender is stating that each individual has the mental capacity to understand their self and abilities. This assumption is a applied as a generalization to the entire population of individuals. Another of these assumptions that supports the use of inductive reasoning states people “value growth in directions viewed as positive and attempt to achieve a personally acceptable balance between change and stability” (Pender, 2011, p.5). This again implements inductive reasoning by which one assessment of an individual having the desire to positively change their self and improve their environment can be applied to majority of the
When Imogene King developed her Goal Attainment Theory she focused on the relationship between the nurse and the patient. When a patient seeks out health care the relationship between the patient and the nurse will play a crucial role in the patient’s outcome. For health promotion to occur the nurse and the patient must establish goals that are mutually agreed upon. The goals are establish when a positive interaction occurs between the nurse and patient. If the interaction is positive and effective the goals are more likely to be reached. Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory is broken down into a systematic framework to promote successful interactions between the nurse and patient. The framework includes the personal system, the interpersonal
Sieloff, C. L., & Raph, S. W. (2011). Nursing theory and management. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(8), 979-980. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01334.x
The Neuman Systems Model provides a systematic approach to nursing research and practice that allows for empirical research and data collection. This model has been used to develop several middle range theories; it also encourages evidence-based practice and outcomes (Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry, 2006). Neuman (2007, p. 112) states, “Theory-based care activities will scientifically validate a science of nursing, helping close the gap between practice and education.” Continued research is needed to support and refine the concepts that produce theory-based nursing interventions in nursing practice. The Neuman Systems Model Research Institute is committed to encouraging research that is focused on obtaining new nursing knowledge based on the Neuman Systems Model and derived middle-range theories (Neuman & Fawcett,
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
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Nursing is a complex profession full of challenges and rewards. To grow as professionals, it is important that nurses know and understand the many theory’s that exists in nursing and respect their impact on the profession. It is essential for nurses to learn from past theorist for nursing to move forward. This paper will correlate the philosophy and values of two nursing theorist with a unique perspective of each concept and define the nursing metaparadigm.
Our group definition of health showed that health is broad and consists of objective and subjective parts. In contrast, the king’s interaction model (theory of goal attainment), the purpose of nursing is to help people maintain, or restore health by mutually goal setting. Her view towards the concept of health are easy to understand, but difficult to realize because the role of nurses is based on the health needs of patient, family, community and population. The other needs of patient, family and community will be resolve by nurses giving patients referrals or follow-up for care to other professionals. These health needs exclude health disparities and inequities in vulnerable population that nurses serve. Also, these health needs include reciprocal
Throughout this philosophy paper, I have explored what nursing is based on my personal values and beliefs as it relates to the body of work in nursing. I value the importance of holistic nursing and the care of patients being individualized for them and their family. Also, effectively collaborating among health care professionals to ensure quality care for patients. Additionally, the importance of health promotion as one of the main roles of nurses is being a teacher, since promoting health prevents illness and increases the level of health in clients. These principles will serve as a guide for my personal standards of nursing practice.
Nursing theory can be applied to resolve nursing problems or issues, irrespective of the field of practice. A nursing theory benefits nurses and the patients that are in his or her charge. . Depending on the issue or problem that is needed to be solved determines what theory needs to be used. Nursing theory started with Florence Nightingale. She believed that a clean environment would promote better health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory emphasizes the need to ensure that the patient’s independence is being increased while in a health care facility. Ensuring that a patient can increase his or her independence allows for them to experience better outcomes upon discharge home. This is just two examples of nursing theories that were used
Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
Theory’s responsibility is to provide nurses with standards that reinforce practice, as well as, for future nursing understanding and delivery. Basically, it provides nursing professionals with a tested way of thought on how to handle certain situations with proven results. The importance of nursing theories to nursing research is the knowledge offered gives nurses the foundation for communicating with others and best practice. Middle range theory according to McEwen & Wills (2011, p 35) are theories that have concrete concepts, that are specific, incorporate a measured number of concepts and characteristics of the real world and are tested for accuracy.
To make good nursing decisions, nurses require an internal roadmap with knowledge of nursing theories. Nursing theories, models, and frameworks play a significant role in nursing, and they are created to focus on meeting the client’s needs for nursing care. According to McEwen and Wills (2014), conceptual models and theories could create mechanisms, guide nurses to communicate better, and provide a “systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict” about nursing and its practice (p. 25). Most of the theories have some common concepts; others may differ from one theory to other. This paper will evaluate two nursing theorists’ main theories include Sister Callista Roy’s
Because these theory are known to have direct linkages to research and practice Most of these theory are developed from research, observation and experiences I do believe that Most nurses will agree with me if I say that the evidence based practice is a main engine for health well-being .Middle range theory signifies a growth of knowledge development in Nursing. Middle range theories offer valuable organizing frameworks for phenomena being researched by interdisciplinary terms. These theories are useful to nurses and persons from other discipline in framing phenomena of shared concern. (Archive, 2015).Middle-range theories are useful in addressing the problems of nursing, especially among vulnerable populations. Although middle-range theories address specific phenomena within nursing practice, the theories are broad enough to be applied to a variety of patient populations, and across many practice settings (Mareno, 2015). The language of middle –range theories is that used in nursing practice to deal with patient care phenomena such as pain ,unpleasant symptoms, empathy, uncertainty, comfort, change, lifestyle health promotion, relationships ,and deliberative planning for
As Benner so eloquently put it, “the essence of caring as a nurse is that you recognize the value and worth of those you care for and that the patient and their experience matters to you” (Benner & Wrubel, 1989, p.278). Within the following sections, I will discuss my personal philosophy of nursing and define the four nursing metaparadigms.