1. Introductions:
Kuwait with a total area of 17,820 square kilometers (km2) lies by Persian Gulf. in the north and north-west It is bordered by Iraq, by Saudi Arabia in the south and southwest by and by the Persian Gulf in the east. The land is usually flat with slightly undulating desert plains sloping gently towards the north-east; Kuwait is reaching an altitude of about 300 meters (m) above sea level. Most of the zone in Kuwait is desert with a few oases (Water profile of Kuwait, 2007). The picture below showed the location of AL Kuwait.
Figure 1: Map of Al Kuwait. (Source: FAO-Forestry)
2. Climate and Water Resources :
2.1 Climate:
Kuwait characterized by a desert climate which is dry, long and hot summer. The temperature in this region is reaching more than 45°C with frequent sandstorms in summer. However in winter, the temperatures are decreasing to reach 4°C. The rainy season is started from October to May. The annual rainfall is less than 100 (mm) in Area with100 km2, but in remaining part it differs between 100 and 300 mm. The average of long term annual rainfall for Kuwait was about 176 mm. The rainfall recently decreased to 106 and 134 mm/year (Water profile of Kuwait, 2007).
2.2 Water Resources :
Based on historical development People in Kuwait used to drink water from different sources each one was different based on period of time they live in. For example the way of drinking was different in period before oil discovery and period after oil discovery. A book was published by Kuwaiti studies and researches central showed that there were two important historical periods in Kuwait control the way of drinking and lighting (2005). This shows that the development that happened in Kuwait changed the wa...
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...s resulted mainly from problems in destinations machines or pipe line that would effects water quality and quantities. For example: lack of timely response to match water demand increase with installed desalination capacity. One reason for failure to match the consumed water increase by a comparable desalination capability increase is the lack of steam turbines to combine with units.
Supplying water in not good quality is also another types of problem can be related to poor supply system. Having good quality pipe line insure that water reach to customer are meeting the stander (see the appendix). Water arrived to customer should be free from microorganisms and other toxic material that generated due inefficient pipe line. Pipeline that takes and distributes the water should build from good and suitable material and not easily eroded.
11. Future expansion plans:
Jordan is an Arab Kingdom in Western Asia. The kingdom bordered by Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Climate and terrain in Jordan depends on what region of the country you are in, as Jordan is generally divided into three separate regions. These regions are known as the Jordan Valley, the Mountain Heights, and the Badia Region. Western Jordan is comprised of the Jordan Valley and Mountain Heights, while the eastern
issues such as how to supply fresh water to rural areas and what to do
Fourthly, water waste worsens water scarcity. Water is cheap in China by international standard which is much cheaper than its real cost. Industry uses 4 to 10 time more water per units of production than the average in industrialized nations. Since the price is low, people do not save the water. Also, water leakage in water distribution networks is seriously in China. The total loss of 5 × 106 m3 of water per year (Chen et al., 2008). It also leads to water
I chose to do my research about an ongoing issue with drinkable water. To narrow it down, I decided to concentrate on bottled water. This topic interests me personally, and I believe might be interesting for my classmates, as the issue affects everyone. Maybe if we realized the problems it causes, we would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a refillable steel container instead of plastic. I hope that my research will change the perspective of the reader about such a convenient thing – bottled water.
It is bordered by Iraq and Jordan on the north, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman and Yemen on the south. The Arabian Gulf Sea surrounded from the east and the Red Sea from the west. Saudi Arabia is a traditional monarchy. Al Saud dynasty is a royal family of the kingdom. The population of the kingdom was estimated to be 29,369,428 in 2014 - the 43rd largest in the world (Worldpopulationreview.com, 2014). In the technology side, Saudi Arabia is becoming focused on technology. They increase the spending on connectivity and human resources (Saudi Arabia Emergence of Innovation Kingdom,
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
Saudi Arabia is located in the Middle East and it is the biggest country in the Arabian Peninsula. Riyadh is the capital of Saudi and the language that they use is Arabic. The population there is around 29,2 millions, so it’s a huge country with many People. There is almost desert areas and the weather there is very hot and dry.
Yemen, officially known now as “The Republic of Yemen,” is an Arab country located in the Middle East, taking up the southwestern to southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the red sea, as well as located south of Saudi Arabia and west of Oman. Yemen is the second largest country in the Arabian Peninsula, with a population of nearly 20 million people, and an annual population growth rate of around 3 percent. In 1918, northern Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire. Their climate is mostly des...
Sickness there is common and many times, water is the cause. “Education is lost to sickness. Economic development is lost while people merely try to survive” (The World Project). Americans go to the sink knowing with a simple flip of the nosil, clean water will magically appear. It is often presumed that clean water is a given and it is never acknowledged that saving water in one country could evidently help another country's water... ...
Over the past 200 years, mankind discovered the fossil fuels and they used this source to produce hug energy. This affects the environment in many negative ways and caused many issues worldwide such as urban air pollution and acid rain, oil spills and the high temperature of earth. Saudi Arabia has the biggest oil reserves in the world by 19.66% (the world factbook, 2011) and the second oil producer country in the world with roughly 10.121 million barrels a day – which account for 12% of the total world production of oil in 2010 (Fontinelle,2011). Moreover, the country relies heavily on oil industry. And the most successful companies in the country are thus whose work in oil industry such as ARAMCO Company. The reason behind this success is because most of these companies get financial support and attention from the Saudi government and sometimes the government owes these companies. Because of the massive reserve of oil and the high income that generated from oil, the country has less attention to seek for other sources of clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy which leads to the increase of air pollution in the country. However, oil is expected to last in the next 50 to 100 years (Hubbert, 1956). Furthermore, the International organizations have made many decisions to protect the environment and environmental resource such as Kyoto Protocol which decided to raise the use of solar energy to 50%of the total global energy use by 2020 (UNFCCC ,2005 ). Recently, these issues lead the Saudi government to realize problems, such as air pollutions, and start to invest in clean energy area but not as expected. These days many people in Saudi Arabia argue the uses of clean energy and replace with the fossil fuels. And they d...
Water Issues in South Asia If there is any single most important issue that mars bilateral relations among the countries of the subcontinent, it is water. The issues of cross-border water distribution, utilisation, management and mega irrigation/hydro-electric power projects affecting the upper and lower riparian countries are gradually taking centre-stage in defining interstate relations as water scarcity increases and both drought and floods make life too often miserable. Thanks to its location, size and contiguous borders with other South Asian countries, it is India, in its capacity as both upper and lower riparian, that has come into conflict with most of its neighbours, except Bhutan, on the cross-border water issues. Given an atmosphere of mistrust, an upper riparian India has serious issues to resolve with lower riparian Pakistan and Bangladesh and, despite being lower riparian, with the upper riparian Nepal.
One of the concern for quality water is how safe they are to be used by all human in the world. This also implies to the communities of Sandikhola. If the water is not clean, people are in great risks of getting diseases. This happens now as test showed that there are high level of chloroforms in the water source. Thus, by having clean supply of water the risk of getting diseases decrease substantially. Therefore, health is related closely to water as in the sayings ‘water is the mother of life’.
cause a greater amount of evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans. In some areas this could be
Clean and safe drinking water resources are becoming scarce as the population grows. The world is facing many problems, but the most important thing needed to survive, is water. Water is getting low in many countries, therefore residents are suffering the misfortune of not having the reliable source of clean water. Today many countries are having water shortages meaning rivers, lakes, streams and groundwater are not enough to rely on for supplying water demands. For example, California is facing a drastic water shortage, the natural water resources are not enough to fulfill their water demands.
Government should publicize that the quality of tap water is ensured to be as healthy as bottled water. In addition, the advertisement from bottled water companies should be strictly regulated to prevent them from misleading the customers. If the situation is not ameliorated, government can tax bottled water company heavily to decrease both the quantity demand from customer and the quantity supply from the bottled water company. As a matter of fact, the heavy tax on bottled water is justified because the negative externalities that the plastic bottle creates are harmful to the Earth.