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Causes of obesity introduction
Causes of obesity introduction
Causes of obesity and its effects
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Gastric Bypass Surgery “The time for action is now. It's never too late to do something” (Sandburg, 1967). In the world today, people try to live up to societies’ standard of beauty seen in magazines and on television, which sparks a need to be thin. Sometimes it is not always as easy as cutting carbs and increasing exercise. Oftentimes surgery is needed to drop the weight, and that is where gastric bypass surgery comes in. Some people might say, ‘Surgery to lose weight, is not that a little extreme,’ but it is not.
1There are dangers involved with Gastric Bypass surgery. Case studies show high insulin levels following meals, confusion, shaking, sweating, headaches and black outs. The patients eventually needed partial or complete removal of the pancreas, in order to prevent dangerous declines in blood glucose. Patients also experienced Dumping Syndrome, when the small intestine fills too quickly with undigested food from the stomach which can cause abdominal cramp and diarrhea. Other research has uncovered a higher-than-expected risk of death following surgery for obesity, even among younger patients.
Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity. Bariatric surgery is a specific discourse community connecting individuals through mutual interests, shared knowledge, and expertise of treating obese populations. The field of bariatrics is a discourse community with several purposes. It encourages innovative surgical and nonsurgical solutions in obesity care. It formulates hypotheses and develops and conducts experimental designs to test the hypotheses’ reliability and validity. Furthermore, it aims to stimulate discussion about its findings.
Some of these examples include the laparoscopic version of bypass for obese patients, letting them leave a hospital within 23
In the recent years, American adults and even children have become morbidly obese, which has fueled a campaign for an effective intervention. The intervention that is beginning to receive widespread popularity is gastric bypass surgery. According to Tish Davidson and Teresa G. Odle in the article ‘Obesity Surgery,’ “gastric bypass surgery [is] probably the most common type of obesity surgery; gastric bypass surgery has been performed in the United States for about 25 years. In this procedure, the volume of the stomach is reduced by four rows of stainless steel staples that separate the main body of the stomach from a small, newly created pouch. The pouch is attached at one end to the esophagus. At the other end is a very small opening into the small intestine. Food flows though this pouch, bypassing the main portion of the stomach and emptying slowly into the small intestine where it is absorbed.” This limits the amount of food an individual can consume, which helps to prevent overeating. Therefore, gastric bypass surgery is the best way to lose the unwanted pounds and keep it off because of the low post surgical complications, exuberant long lasting results, and decrease in obesity related heath problems.
Gastric bypass surgery: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (2004, June 4). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007199.htm
People would rather take the easy way out than to go through the struggles needed to actually make lifestyle changes. The patients would risk the dangerous complications from surgery without hesitation. “It is the most drastic treatment we have for obesity”(Gawande 186). The is operation dangerous to have the but they are willing to risk it.
Liposuction is also known as lipoplasty and liposculpture and is the most popular form of cosmetic surgery performed in the United States. Liposuction has been a means of contouring the body in one or more areas for the past twenty years. This surgery is mostly performed on women, but among men and older people, the surgery has become more popular. Also, this surgery has been classified as the rich person’s surgery (Pavlovich-Danis, 2001, p. 1). Liposuction begins by the surgeon making tiny incisions throughout the areas where the liposuction is going to be performed. Then the surgeon takes the cannula, narrow tube, and vacuums out the fat layer deep beneath the skin. The cannula then breaks up the fat cells by being pulled continuously back and forth throughout the skin. The broken up pieces of fat are then suctioned up by the cannula. The fat that is taken out is replaced by fluid, so that the patient does not go into shock ("New Image," 2001, p.2). Even after this surgery, the results are not guaranteed.
Without recognizing the reality of and suffering the results of living with obesity, together with the feeling of losing control with a continually growing weight and avoiding acknowledging the reality of being obese, a desire for change will not foster. The aspiration and willpower to make a change is initially conveyed in several failed efforts to lose weight and is supported by the wanting to take back control and to reverse the issues stemming from the excess weight. A journey of gathering information follows, that ultimately guides the overweight individual to information about gastric bypass surgery. Sometimes this will happen due to chance, but in most cases it is consequence of endlessly seeking for aid outside the conventional methods
Gastric By-Pass & Lap Band Surgery Dangers Gastric by-pass and lap band surgeries are performed on people who need help with weight loss treatments. These surgeries are mainly used for people that suffer severe obesity and have medical conditions that are caused by the excess weight. Both of these surgeries have several different complications, some are similar and some are different, some are complicated and some are simple. Gastric by-pass surgery reduces the size of the stomach to a volume of 2 tablespoons and bypasses much of the small intestines. The stomach is stapled so that it is reduced in size to a small pouch, then the shortened jejunum is brought up to connect with the smaller stomach.
Weight loss, in the perspective of medicine, health, or physical fitness, is a decrease of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bones mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. It can occur unintentionally due to an underlying disease or can arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. The search for the ideal weight loss operation began more than 50 years ago because exercise and diet alone is apparently ineffective in treating people with extreme and excessive obesity. Surgical pioneers expanded modern procedures that at first produced malabsorption then constrained volume intake, and finally combined both systems. Discrepancies, adjustments, and revisions of these innovative procedures, joint with concentrated efforts to go after and file results, have led to the growth and progress of modern bariatric surgery. More current research has the hormonal and metabolic effects of these procedures as the central point of view. Such discoveries at the cellular level will help widen the potential machine of weight loss and co morbidity reduction beyond the customary justification of reduced food consumption and malabsorption.
... right time. It is understandable that many people who reach the obesity stage may well be too overweighed to lose it just through exercise and diet alone. If drastic measures, like for example having a bypass is going to change someone’s life for all the good reasons then there should be no opposition to that, having in mind that for all this treatments to work successfully the person should be treated as an individual alone.
More than 40,000 people a year are so desperate to lose weight they turn to the controversial, sometimes life-threatening surgery such as Gastric Bypass. I will be explaining what the surgery entitles, disadvantages vs. advantages. And most important, is Gastric bypass surgery the right choice when considering the risks. The most common form of “stomach stapling” is gastric bypass. In this procedure, a small pouch is formed in the stomach and stapled shut. The small intestine is then cut and stapled onto the pouch, shrinking the stomach’s ability to take in food. The technique involves removing a section of the stomach and rearranging the small bowel to divert bile and pancreatic secretions away from the food stream. Fats and starches flow through without being absorbed. In order to be a candidate for the surgery, patients must be considered morbidly obese or at least 100 pounds overweight. Before an individual gets the go-ahead, he or she meets with doctors and psychologists to rule out all other ways of help. Surgery may sound like the best option for a morbidly overweight person, but a small figure comes at a high price. There are health risks and the side effects can be fatal. Three people will die during every 1,000 procedures, according to the ASBS. Let me tell you about more disadvantages. More than one-third of obese patients who have gastric surgery develop gallstones. Nearly one in three develop nutritional deficiencies. Patients could also be at risk for anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease.
Tarantino, D. P. (2005). Bariatric Surgery: Assessing Opportunities for Value Innovation. Surgical Innovation, Vol 12, No 1. Retrieved September 8, 2006 from the Web
McKinley’s energy needs would be calculated using the Mifflin St. Jeor equation. In this case, Mr. McKinley’s estimated energy needs would be about 3,350 kcal/day ((10 x 186.36 kg)) + (6.25 x 177.8 cm) – (5 x 37) + 5 = 2794.85 kcal/day) x 1.2). However, this estimated energy requirement will be too high for Mr. McKinley following his bariatric procedure in which he will be experiencing rapid weight loss. According to ASMBS, low calorie diets are advised for post-bariatric surgery in the regular diet phase, which is 800-1200 kcal/day.3 After taking into account potential energy expended from adapting a physical activity plan following bariatric surgery, Mr. McKinley should aim for 1100 kcal/day once he has progressed to a regular diet. Protein intakes of 60-80 g/day, or 1.0-1.5 g/kg of ideal body weight (IBW) are recommended by many bariatric surgery programs, according to ASMBS.3 Using 1.5 g of protein/kg IBW, Mr. McKinley’s estimated protein needs would be about 113 g/day, or 453 kcal from protein. This would be too high for Mr. McKinley, when considering that nearly 50% of his energy intake would be from protein (he is already volumetrically restricted, and carbohydrate and fat intake needs to be considered, as well). Using 1.0 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, Mr. McKinley’s estimated protein requirements are 75 g of protein/day (1.0 g x 75.45 kg
Cosmetic surgery is becoming a trend world-wide today because humans can never be fully satisfied in terms of looks; however, this type of surgery has many serious perils rather than some benefits that we already know.