This paper will evaluate the role that ethics plays in decision making. I will analyze decision-making techniques that can be applied to different types of organizations. Next, I have selected the Albuquerque Veteran Affairs Medical Center, where as a result of unethical decision making there were negative consequences. Using two different decision making techniques, I will compare and contrast how using the techniques may have resulted in a positive consequence.
Ethical Decision Making and Models
Corporate financial and ethical misconduct is been documented in the media across many types of business and government over the years (Palmer, 2013; Wickham & O'Donohue, 2012). Most corporations have a Code of Ethics as a guideline for employees
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The contingency model in which the decision maker's behavior in response to an ethical problem is affected by two sets of contingency factors including individual factors (i.e., knowledge, values, attitudes, and intentions); and organizational factors (i.e., significant others including top management and peers, and opportunity including codes, enforcement, and rewards and punishment) ( Schwartz, 2016). The Person–situation interactionist model recognizes additional individual characteristics such as low ego-strength, low field dependence, and external locus of control which can constrain cognitions and impede EDM (Thiel et al., 2012; Trevino, 1986). Possibly the most prominent rationalist theory, Rest (1986), posited that there are four stages of EDM, starting with becoming aware of the ethical problem, developing a decision and finally establishing moral intent and acting on it (Thiel et al., …show more content…
I-EDM builds on Rest's (1984, 1986) EDM process as four stages, awareness, judgment, intention; and action/behavior (as cited in Schwartz, 2016). The preceding events to the EDM process include basic environmental norms, while the following stages of the process include potential learning feedback loops. The EDM factors that influence the process are individual or situational. The I-EDM model assumes that ethical behavior is contingent on which particular individual is facing the ethical dilemma and the situational context within which an individual faces a dilemma (Schwartz,
We have one resident in the long-term facility who has stage four cancer of spinal cord and he has been suffering from intense pain. Every time when I enter his room, he cries and implore to the god that he can minimize his suffering. He has prescription of hydromorphone 8 mg every 4 hourly PRN , oxycodone 5 mg every 6 hourly and 50 mcg of fentanyl path change every 3rd day. After giving all scheduled and PRN medicine his pain level remains same as before. When I see that patients I feel like to give highest dose of medicine as well as alternative pain management therapy so that he can have some comfort but ethically I have no right to do that. He is hospice but he has no comfort at all. Following are the nine steps of Uustal ethical decision making model.
Ethical decision-making is the responsibility of everyone, regardless of position or level within an organization. Interestingly, the importance of stressing employee awareness, improving decisions, and coming to an ethical resolution are the greatest benefits to most companies in today’s world (Weber, 2015).
Abortion has been a political, social, and personal topic for many years now. The woman’s right to choose has become a law that is still debated, argued and fought over, even though it has been passed. This paper will examine a specific example where abortion is encouraged, identify the Christian world views beliefs and resolution as well as the consequences of such, and compare them with another option.
Ethical frameworks assist managers during the decision-making process. Complex decisions can create moral distress. Moral distress occurs when an individual encounters a situation which
Ethical decision-making is the process of weighing out your options of what outcome you would prefer. Ethical decisions both have positive and/or negative outcomes. When weighing out your options, you try to elimination unethical and ethical options, trying to choose the best alternative. In Macbeth, Macbeth’s courage plays a huge role in his ethical decision-making. In HOUSE, unethical decision-making is critical for saving relationships. “The process of making ethical decisions requires commitment, consciousness, and competency. In commitment you have the desire to do the right thing regardless of the cost. Consciousness is the awareness to act consistently and apply moral convictions to daily behavior. Competency is the ability
In order to recognize moral issues, one should be aware that his/her actions may harm or benefit other individuals. Moral judgment involves evaluating and formulating all the possible solutions to a particular moral issue to determine the ones which have a moral justification (Drumwright et al 440). It involves reasoning around all possible solutions to know the ones that are ethically sound. The third component, moral intention refers to the motivation a particular moral decision over another. When faced with two solutions to a particular dilemma, one may select the one that will increase his individual power or the one which is morally right (Kalshoven et al
Workplace ethics engages in judgements and collective agreements regarding a suitable guide of behaviour. The ethical decision making framework (EDM) presents, business decision is ethical or unethical.EDM provides an indication of traditional decision making process and issues that manipulate ethical decisions. Employees tend to fraud because they can experience the unfair treatments or situation that they face. Manages may ask employee to work long hours, and then they can take additional time off. Good performance leads to remunerations and appreciation managers than workers.
I have chosen the business profession topic of higher education administration. I am extremely familiar with this profession; as it is the job that I currently hold. There is a plethora of different activities and task that are dealt with on a daily basis within this profession. Some of these items consist of assisting both full and part time staff and faculty, maintaining order within budgets and finance, including all purchase orders and check requests, facilitating student awards, including scholarships, staffing and training within the department, as well as dealing with public policy and laws within the college. It is immensely obvious that this job would keep anyone busy. This alone is one of the reasons I love this profession so much. Each day brings something new, and important group of items to accomplish. Anyone who holds this job, would go into work everyday knowing that the tasks that they are about to perform, will create a difference to not only to the departments and its students, but will also make a difference within the entire college. This person alone has the responsibility of making ethical decisions every single day as well as watching out for others who may need help being pointed in the proper ethical direction based on their knowledge of the school’s ethics plans that have been put in place. If someone were unaware of the ethical standards in this profession, there is a lot of room for things to head in a corrupt direction rather quickly.
The six steps of the model are as follows: Identify the ethical dilemma, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles to those options, make the decision, and implement the decision (Beemsterboer, 2010). The first step is to identify the ethical dilemma, which Beemsterboer describes as the most critical step in the model. To identify the ethical dilemma, one must recognize that the problem is an ethical dilemma with no one clear answer, and expound upon what the ethical question is. The next step is to collect information about the situation and values involved “as a basis for an informed decision.” (Beemsterboer, 2010, para. 8). After defining the ethical dilemma and gathering information about it, one must then state as many options as possible which may resolve the problem (Beemsterboer, 2010). Due to that fact that more than one decision may remedy an ethical dilemma, it is important to discuss all available options to better understand all angles of the situation and how to deal with as many of them as possible. Once all alternatives have been stated, each must be weighed against ethical principles. Beemsterboer suggests in the discussion of each option a list of pros and cons be made to demonstrate how the option may protect of violate ethical principles and values (2010).?? After analyzing each alternative it is much easier
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
For this paper Washington Mutual has been selected to show how the ethical decision making process can be achieve. When it comes to business ethics in the workplace Washington Mutual has designed what can be considered a well balanced workplace with behaviors that are aligned with their moral values and business ethics. Business ethics are sometimes depicted as resolving conflicts where one option can appear to be the correct choice. There are many different ethical dilemmas that are faced by managers and leaders everyday that are highly complex and have no clear choice or guidelines to assist in making the choices for resolution. There are times when an employee has to decide whether or not to cheat, lie, steal, or break their contract. These ethical decisions are real-life situations where they are forced to make on a daily basis. This is why it is ultimately important that all employee know the six steps to ethical decision making that the company uses.
Ethics are influence from many demographics which include family influences, peer influences, past experiences, religion, and situations. People decide whether something is ethical and whether or not it is right or wrong based on these influences. Individuals decide whether something is ethical or unethical based on family influences because people absorb about the ethical status or something family members based on how our families act. Also individuals also conduct their decisions based on peer influences because classmates and friends that surround us, usually impact a person’s believes on what is right or wrong overtime. Furthermore, people also resolve to their decisions on whether something is right or wrong established on past experiences because they predict their benefits on demographics that had happened to them in the past. Additionally, people select some decisions based on religion because a person’s religious beliefs will usually inspire he or she on what is right or wrong. Finally, another way people base their ethical decisions is based on the situations they are in because people sometimes change their beliefs depending on the circumstances they are in.
To provide an example of a breach of ethical conduct in the workplace, we may remember the case of a financial manager in a corporation that decided not to pay overtime to some employees. After a deep outside investigation, the company was summoned with thousands of dollars to remedy the payment that was supposed to be paid to all employees who worked more than forty hours per week. Again, it is needed more than just a booklet stating that the company adheres to the code of business ethics. It is needed serious managers that can run the company with the most seriousness as possible. Consequently, any written codes of business ethics, regardless of how well it has been crafted, need people that adhere to its internal content with a serious desire to do the right thing.
...ecision making process that takes place when ethical dilemmas arise, but that it also seems refreshing as it takes us back to a time when society knew right from wrong and chose right. However, we also feel that beings capable of reason do not, as a whole, follow inherent duties. They are not always subject to imperatives which push them to act in the correct manner regardless of personal gain, or in the appropriate manner for personal gain.
This essay is about how I make an ethical decision, why should we be moral, and what is the good life. This paper is important because I am sharing my opinion by answering the questions. For this writing, I deserve an A as a grade. Because I spend so much of my time figured out what are the best answer for me to answer these questions when I have never thought of before ,and I could not write any better than this.