Thirty year old Valery Spidonov has been living his life with Werdnig-Hoffman disease. Werdnig-Hoffman disease is a disease “which wastes away his muscles and means that his health is rapidly declining” (Griffin). For a man who knows he has got nothing to lose, undergoing a head transplant can not be worse than his road to death. The problem is, his head transplant will be the first ever human head transplant. Christopher Hooton, a senior reporter for The Independent says “his fate could be considerably worse than death” (Crew). What is Hooton’s reason for saying this? He believes that the transplant can mess with Spiridonov’s mind, and Spiridonov can become insane. (Crew). Everyone’s problem with going through with this procedure, is if it will be possible to perform the first human …show more content…
One of the main problems is that this procedure has never been done before to humans, so there is no way of knowing the end result. Dr. Sergio Canavero addressed his procedure in an online piece he wrote himself, called “HEAVEN: The Head Anastomosis Venture Project Outline for the First Human Head Transplantation with Spinal Linkage” (Heaven). Dr. Canavero also tried to explain what will happen in the procedure at a TEDx talk using a banana (the body), a very sharp knife, and spaghetti (the spinal cord) (TEDx). Dr. Canavero will cut off both heads (the dead donor’s head and Spidonov’s head) with a very sharp knife. The body will have to be as cold as 12 degrees celsius so the body could be kept without it’s blood flowing. Keeping the body under Hypothermia gives the doctors 45 minutes to attach the new head to the spinal cord without hurting Spidonov (Wlassoff). After explaining what will happen in the procedure, some people have agreed that the procedure will be possible with our technology, but others still do not agree it will be
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan, where his father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was the village priest. He was first educated at the church school in Ryazan and later went on to attend the theological seminary. His whole family wished that he would follow into his father’s footsteps and become a priest, but that was not the case. It was after reading The Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin, and the works of Russian physiologist I. M. Sechenov that Pavlov decided to abandon his theological studies and focused on studying science. He left the seminary and enrolled in the University of St-Petersburg, where he enrolled in the Natural Sciences program. However, impelled by his overwhelming interest in physiology, he decided to continue his studies and went to the Academy of Medical Surgery to take the third course of the class there. In 1875, he completed his courses there and was awarded a god medal for his accomplishments. In the year 1881, he married his wife Seraphima Vasilievna Karchevskaya who was a teacher and the daughter of a doctor in the Black ...
I believe it is important to first explain what this procedure is about and how safe it is, keeping in mind the fact that four thousand people die each year waiting for human organs. So, what is Xenotransplantation? Xeno means strange or foreign. The term is used to describe a transplant between any two species of animals, including humans. Xenotransplantation usually refers to a procedure in which an organ, such as kidney or liver or live cells (such as brain cells) from a healthy animal are grafted or transplanted into a human patient. The transplanted materials are called xenotransplants or xenografts. Plus, there are certain kinds of xenotransplants which are not true transplants at all, because the animal organ or cells stay outside the patient’s body. These are called extra-corporeal (or outside the bod...
Human organ transplantation is known as the removal of a living tissue or organ from one individual by surgical operation, and it is placed into another individual, with the aim of improving the health of the recipient. It was started in the 1930s. In 1933, human renal graft was tried out by Voronoy, a Russian scientist, and it has vastly advanced since then. Human organ transplant is now viewed as treatment rather than experiments as they can now be performed more safely. This has been seen by the remarkable improvement on the medical care of patients with organ failures i.e heart disease, cirrhosis and renal failure.
The human body; it starts off as a single cell, and grows into a complex machine made of seventy eight distinct organs, two hundred and six bones, and millions of nerves that all communicate with each other to regulate body processes and keep the machine alive and healthy. This seemingly perfect system undergoes countless attacks every day, and manages to recover from most, although occasionally, it can not. Diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis and Coronary Artery Disease, or abnormalities and defects such as biliary atresia, can all disrupt the function of human organs (“Transplant Australia”, n.d ). Thankfully, through radical advancements in modern medicine, organ transplants are a safe and highly viable option to restore the human body’s perfect harmony. No matter the reason for organ failure, once it occurs, the patient’s journey to receiving a new organ begins. Through the matching of organs, the process and the complications that come with it, the ethical issues, and trials of new advancements, the journey is a long one.
There have been numerous developments in the subject of biotechnology. One of these advancements contains xenotransplantation. It is the transplantation of living tissues, cells or organs from one species to another. For example, it covers transplantation of vital organs like heart, kidney and also skin graft, bone transplant s, corneal transplants. The purpose of human xenotransplantation is that it proposes a possible solution for the problem of the shortage in human organs because the number of accessible organs is not equal to the number of needed organs. For instance, according to M. Anderson’s article the number of people waiting for an allotransplant (it refers to a same-species transplant such as human-to-human.) is progressively increasing without organ donations. In addition, approximately half of those demanding an organ transplant will die while on the organ donor waiting list (Anderson 205). Furthermore, it can also be used to treatment other illness where there is a scarcity of human material accessible such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, diabetes. As we can see, in theory xenotransplantation provides good solution for human beings, however, when look at the history we cannot see same good things. For instance, in 1964, a scientist who is Keith Reemstma transplanted a chimpanzee kidney into a human with end period nephritic disease, increasing the participator’s life a record nine months (Anderson 205). However, there is another case which is Baby Fae. In this case doctors transplanted a baboon hearth into the baby and he survived just four w...
Organs from pigs, goats, monkeys, chimpanzees, and baboons have been used in xenotransplant experiments conducted so far. It promises to be a good treatment option for patients with end-stage organ failure (Williams 12). The transplant surgery could be scheduled at the patient’s convenience rather than scheduling an emergency surgery as soon as the human donor is found. Patients would be able to receive transplants when they first need them rather than having to wait until a transplant is the only remaining option that can save their lives. When transplants are conducted earlier, the patient will be stronger and have a better chance of recovering. Xenotransplantation appears to have several advantages as a medical procedure, but like any medical procedure it is not without its risks. Before we embrace xenotransplantation as yet another boon of science, we need to consider the ethical dilemmas surrounding this medical technology.
We all know that transplants save lives. Liver, heart, renal, and other organ transplants are hardly controversial. But what happens when transplants do not save lives? What happens when they actually endanger them? At least twenty-one hands and arms have been transplanted since 1998 (and one in 1964) (1). Sure, the cosmetic and functional value of having a new hand could seem like a miracle to those without hands or arms, but do these benefits outweigh the risks?
Organ Transplants: A Brief History (21 February, 2012) Retrieved from History in the Headlines Website: http://www.history.com/news/organ-transplants-a-brief-history
The term “medical transplant” is referred to the process of organ donation. In current modern trends, the world is moving towards the fifth generation. The new innovative medical techniques have enabled the people to reform from severe diseases. The phenomenon of organ donation and transplant is based on two primary persons. It involves surgical process to remove a body organ and tissue form from donor and fitting it into the body of recipient. In addition, the transplant that is performed within same body is called auto graft. Medical transplant that is performed in between to different bodies of same species is called allografts (Hewitt, 2008). The main reason of medical transplantation and organ donation is any injury and disease which prohibit the organ to work in proper condition.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov better known as Lenin. Lenin was an important part in Soviet Union history . lenin had a determined goal , he wanted power . Lenin was so powerful , he took the practice communism and made it reality throughout Soviet plus other countries he had an influence on. Lenin believed that communism could solve the problems of society , because his brother was killed by a tsarist regime. He started as a politician and war general , he later became the leader of the Soviet Union. Before Lenin was the leader a man named Stalin Ruled Soviet . Lenin despised Stalin , Lenin then started to take control of the states he created.
“Transplanting animal organs into humans is feasible.” USA Today. November 1999: 54-55. Gehlsen, Gale M., Ganion, Larry R. and Robert Helfst.
Throughout the last two centuries many scientific advances have been made in terms of organ transplants. Today transplants of organs such as kidneys, livers, hearts, pancreata, intestine, and lungs are considered routine medical treatment and are performed daily. In 1954 the first successful transplant, a kidney transplant, was performed by Doctor Joseph E. Murray in Boston, Massachusetts. This was a breakthrough in science and was just the beginning of a series of saved lives and extended opportunities. The number of first time transplants continued throughout the years, as did the success rate of transplants overall, especially in the 1980’s and 90’s. The research recently has slowed down now that the procedure of a transplant is so routine but continues still to be bettered by scientists and their technology and will be at alm...
With many causes of organ failure that led to a death sentence a long-term treatment needed to be found. In December 1954, the first organ was transplanted from living donor to living recipient, who was between twin siblings, was to be the next direction of treatment. With the invention of an immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the cure was thought to have been found for organ failure. It would have been the answer to the organ failure until the procurement laws were not able to keep up with the need for organs, which formed a list of patients called the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The scientist and physicians went back to the drawing board to come up with bioengineered organs with the used of stem cell on matrices. Multiple biometrics are being used for the bioengineered organs. Introduction At a point in history, any type of organ failure was a death sentence. Many causes lead to an organ failure, whether it is from congenital causes, abuse, or illness it is an unfortunate circumstance. This was the case until December 23, 1954 when the first live organ transplant was performed in the United States, which was from a living donor to living recipient. The first transplant ever conducted was on an individual that needed a kidney, which was conducted using identical twins (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). The new technology lead to a completely new list of trails in the organ transplantation field that would lead to a huge change in the future of medicine, and that of the individuals that need the lifesaving procedures. These trails became easier in 1983 with the invention of immunosuppressant called cyclosporine, which allow for cadaveric organ donation (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). Unfortunately, the law for organ procurement could not kee...
Unfortunately, they were not successful and the patients never lived for more than a few days. Though organ transplants had not been successful, in 1905, Eduard Zirm, an Austrian ophthalmologist, was able to perform the world’s first corneal transplant. The procedure gave sight to a man who had been blinded in an accident. It was a good start for human transplants, but they were still a long way away. “In 1912, Alexis Carrell received a Nobel Prize for his work in the field.
Organ donation has been a part of this world since the beginning of time, many tales have been told that body parts were taken from one person or animal and was put into another body (Organ & Tissue Transplants). The first half of the twentieth century, doctors placed animal organs into human beings (Organ and Tissue Transplants). It wasn’t until doctors in Russia by the name of Dr. U. Voronoy, in the year of 1936, performed the first human-to-human kidney transplant (Organ & Tissue Trans). Although, the surgery by Dr. U. Voronoy was successful, the patient died after only two days with the new kidney. After many unsuccessful trials the with the transplantation of kidneys, it wasn't until Ronald Herrick wanted to donate one healthy kidney to his identical twin. The operation was performed on December 23, 1954 at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Joseph Murray and the surgical team transplant lead to the identical twin, Richard to many healthy years with his new kidney. After Dr. Murray's success with transplantation many organs soon after were tried to be transplanted. The United States would have lost a significant amount of lives without pushing through the unsuccessful trials.