In the twentieth century, the world witnessed significant changes and an increase in the city's population. Today more than half of global inhabitants live in cities or towns (Clarke, 1980), and most of the modern cities around the world have similar economic structure and social interests (Sassen, 2001). The observer to these cities will notice the common characteristics are much more than differences (Clark, 1996).
Many recent studies recognize this phenomenon. One of the important studies that examines and analyses this phenomenon was carried out by Clark (1996). In his book "Urban World / Global City", he presents an analytical comprehensive overview of the world as global city. He attributes this phenomenon to economic motives. In the past the local economies of the countries were independent to a large extent. Today, these economies have merged and united with the global economy. The world economy is controlled by a few Western countries in which most technologies and innovations take place. So the Western model is prominent in the cities, despite the differences in culture, politics and history. What distinguishes the developed western model which Clark presents is that the changes in the physical environment and social pattern took longer, which gives both the national government and the community the opportunity to live the changes and interact with the new developments positively (Berry, cited in Clark, 1996). On the other hand, the rapid growth in the developing countries, led to negative impacts on the city.
Further investigations in urban form and social pattern changes in the developing countries have been made by Isswai (2001). He believes that the new changes started when the Middle Easter...
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that has rapidly urbanized in the decades since the Second World War are clearly apparent. The topics tackled in this text range from
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Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Introduction One of the mainly electrifying essentials of contemporary times is the urbanisation of the globe. For sociological reasons, a city is a relatively great, crowded and lasting community of diverse individuals. In metropolitan areas, urban sociology is the sociological research of life, human interaction and their role in the growth of society. Modern urban sociology is created from the work of sociologists such as Max Weber and Georg Simmel who put forward the economic, social and intellectual development of urbanisation and its consequences. The aim of this essay is to explain what life is like in the ‘big metropolis’, both objectively and subjectively.
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
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Global cities are cities with substantial economic power, controlling the concentration and accumulation of capital and global investments. Despite this, global cities are the sites of increasing disparities in occupation and income. This is as a result of large in-migration and growing income inequality together with capacity and resource constraints, and inadequate Government policies.