•The socio-cultural impacts of tourism described here are the effects on host communities of direct and indirect relations with tourists, and of interaction with the tourism industry.
•For a variety of reasons, host communities often are the weaker party in interactions with their guests and service providers, leveraging any influence they might have.
•These influences are not always apparent, as they are difficult to measure, depend on value judgments and are often indirect or hard to identify.
INTRODUCTION
Impacts arise when tourism brings changes in value systems / behaviour, threatening indigenous identity. Changes often occur in community structure, family relationships, collective traditional life styles, ceremonies and morality.
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One effect is that local people that come in contact with these tourists may develop a sort of copying behaviour, as they want to live and behave in the same way. Especially in less developed countries, there is likely to be a growing distinction between the 'haves' and 'have-nots', which may increase social and sometimes ethnic tensions. In resorts in destination countries such as Jamaica, Indonesia or Brazil, tourism employees with annual salaries of US$ 1,500 spend their working hours in close contact with guests whose yearly income is well over US$ 80,000.
• Irritation due to tourist behaviour
Tourists often, out of ignorance or carelessness, fail to respect local customs and moral values. When they do, they can bring about irritation and stereotyping. They take a quick snapshot and are gone, and by so acting invade the local peoples' lives.
•In many Muslim countries, strict standards exist regarding the appearance and behaviour of Muslim women, who must carefully cover themselves in
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Gudigwa Camp, Botswana
• Facilities developed for tourism can benefit residents
As tourism supports the creation of community facilities and services that otherwise might not have been developed, it can bring higher living standards to a destination. Benefits can include upgraded infrastructure, health and transport improvements, new sport and recreational facilities, restaurants, and public spaces as well as an influx of better-quality commodities and food.
• Revaluation of culture and traditions
Tourism can boost the preservation and transmission of cultural and historical traditions, which often contributes to the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, the protection of local heritage, and a renaissance of indigenous cultures, cultural arts and crafts.
• Tourism encourages civic involvement and pride
Tourism also helps raise local awareness of the financial value of natural and cultural sites and can stimulate a feeling of pride in local and national heritage and interest in its conservation. More broadly, the involvement of local communities in tourism development and operation appears to be an important condition for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
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Show MoreTourism has a profound ripple effect on the local residents’ incomes and daily routines at a popular tourist destination by directly or indirectly influencing their everyday quality of life. (Wall & Mathieson, 2006, p.227). Local economies transform to fit the demands of tourists rather than the demands of the locals. The local economy may benefit from tourism with the increase of employment and trade opportunities, financial investments, as well as improvement in infrastructure. On the other hand, tourism can give the local economy a black eye with increases in crime, prostitution and illegal drug activity. Local residents may have varying opinions on tourism and they range from good to bad, based on what part of the spectrum they are affected by.
The discourse concerning the impacts of tourism in national development, economic and otherwise, has had both negative and positive connotations. Societies hosting tourist attractions are seen as the victims of the negative effects of tourism while the tourists seen as the perpetrators of the crime; bringing their culture and values and imposing them on the host societies. While these generally accepted stereotypical thoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas sociocultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002).
There exist a crowd of beggars at tourist spots which creates irritation among tourist visited. It indicates the poor management of tourist spots in Kurukshetra.
This essay examines the tourist’s responsibility in Nepal. Nepal is known as a suitable place to promote tourism for trekking as well as culture based activities and the aim of this essay is to review and understand not only how unsustainable Nepal has become as a destination but to review the tourists point of view from that destination.
This chapter deals with the literature on the socio-economic impacts of heritage tourism in order to give the reader a clear picture of the problem. According to Weaver and Lawton (2002), the main purposed of tourism management at a destination is to maximise the economic, social and environmental benefits while trying to minimising the associated costs. Regarding the impacts of tourism, most literature will describes economic and social impacts in both positive and negative (Lickorish & Jenkins, 1997; Narayan, 2004; Page, 2007; Timothy & Boyd, 2003; Tsartas, 1992).
In conclusion, I believe that the host country has to set and implement policies in order to educate the guests how to behave when entering that country in order to limit the negative impacts of tourism on the local population and community. An example is Singapore - the government has set out rules and guidelines that tourists must observe. Countries must educate tourists through mediums such as Tourism Bodies, Tour companies and Country Guides (e.g. Lonely Planet) on culture, standards and relevant laws if they want to reduce the negative impacts tourists bring and demonstrate to the local population that positive tourism is about economic benefits such as spending and jobs and safeguarding heritage, environment and local values thus encouraging and developing sustainable sociocultural tourism in the long term.
The host culture may perceive the tourist with stereotypes and negative perceptions that is engrained in their own culture concerning the tourist culture. The host country may interact with tourist with a preconception concerning the tourist’s values, behavior, and attitudes. This may result in the host culture being communicating negatively based on the assumption that the tourist already has negative attitudes toward the host country.
Festivals are connected to cultures and to places, giving each identity and helping bind people to their communities (Getz, 2010: 3), and provides an opportunity for community cultural development, which, like a sense of place, is nearly an invisible phenomenon (Derrett, 2003: 40). Ap and Crompton (1998) suggested that tourism is perceived to contribute changes in value systems, individual behavior, family relations, collective lifestyle, moral conduct and community organizations. These kind of social impacts maybe positive or negative. With the development of tourism, there might be changes in the social structure of the community.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
Heritage-based tourism has evolved into one of the massive and rapidly growing sectors of the tourism industry (Timothy & Nyaupane, 2009). Tourism manifestation in heritage sites serves as a possible development strategy for local communities which in return, generates employment, introduces better economic opportunities, and constructs additional infrastructures (Madden & Shipley, 2012). However, heritage tourism development may pose a damage to the environment, and may cause negative socio-cultural impacts. The possibility of threat is foreseen as the degradation of heritage which can lead to a decline in cultural integrity of the community, scarcity of resources, including the gradual
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
Tourism is the journey of people to destinations outside from their normal places of work and residence area. Tourism also the activities that they do during they stay in the selection destinations and the facilities created to serve for their needs. Tourism is the monetary value that tourists spent in the visit to the destination.
The negative impacts that tourism creates can destroy the environment and all of its resources which it depends of for survival. Tourism has the prospective to create and bring useful effects on to the environment by donation the environmental protection conservation.
Globalisation with its transcontinental flows, patterns of social interaction has given the tourism industry free reign to develop throughout the world also known as the ..global village.” The tourism industry has become a major sector for the global economy and is rapidly growing of tremendous annual rate and these changes can affect the host community and also on a global level.