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As a future nurse, I agree to promote, advocate for, and protect the rights, health, and safety of the patient. However, I find some conflicting situations within this provision of the code of ethics for nurses very challenging to face. For incidence, I find myself asking for the appropriate balance between protecting the rights and safety of the patient as a nurse. For this matter, I interviewed a registered nurse who faced a situation where he needed to evaluate a balance between patient’s autonomy and role as a nurse.
The interviewee presented the issue that he had a patient whose diagnosis was terminal hepatic cancer that had metastasized. The patient had made his wish to be a do not resuscitate (DNR) patient. The patient’s adult son who
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While this is very true, others can argue that nursing staff members respecting the patient’s DNR is practicing maleficence. In this situation, however, the nurses are limited to certain roles; witnessing patient’s request for a DNR, discussing medical information to those who are authorized, and not initiating lifesaving measures in the event that the patient becomes unconscious and unresponsive in this situation. I asked the interviewee how he justified the action of not initiating lifesaving measures as a nurse. The interviewee explained a valid point that clarified my consistent attempts to justify not initiating lifesaving measure. He explained, “As a nurse, situations such as this do play out frequently, and we have to be able to manage the situation carefully. Even though nurses primarily wish to protect patient’s safety and health, there are times when the patient’s decision comes first and our beliefs do not matter. Then, as nurses, all we can do is to respect the decision and show empathy for the patient and their family.” In essence, the patient’s will is what matters the most in some situations. As nurses, we do want to see people recover and lead healthy lives, but in the end, we also do not want them to suffer. Any patient should be at peace with his or her decision, and as much as we care about our patients, we need to let them make that choice especially regarding living
Nurses everywhere face problems and challenges in practice. Most of the challenges occur due to a struggle with the use of ethical principles in patient care. Ethical principles are “basic and obvious moral truths that guide deliberation and action,” (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, 2014). Ethical principles that are used in nursing practice include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity, confidentiality, justice, and fidelity. These challenges not only affect them, but the quality of care they provide as well. According to the article, some of the most frequently occurring and most stressful ethical issues were protecting patient rights, autonomy and informed consent to treatment, staffing problems, advanced care planning, and surrogate decision making (Ulrich et. al, 2013). The ethical issue of inadequate staffing conflicts with the principle of non-maleficence.
The first provision of the American Nurses Association’s (ANA) “Code of Ethics” states, “ The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.” The second provision states, “The nurse’s primary commitment is the patient, whether the patient is an individual, family, group, or community” (Fowler, 2010). As nurses we need to respect the autonomy and allow for the patient to express their choices and concerns. We also need to provide them with support by giving them knowledge and understanding so they
Throughout the Practical Nursing program, there has been many opportunities to closely observe working nurses in different hospitals and facilities. It also has been a great chance to grasp the general idea about professionalism in the workplace and how it can have a great impact in a successful work environment. Combining what was observed and what was learnt from the class, there were three particular aspects of professionalism that seemed to be key characteristics of professional nurses: knowledge from continuous education, autonomy, and positivity. Out of all other characteristics for professionalisms in nursing, those three were the most remarkable features found from the some of the great nurses observed from the clinical sites.
Furthermore, nursing action guided by the theory and principles of moral and legal rights complements excellent nursing care. Nurse’s awareness of moral and legal codes helps them control the complicated scenarios encountered and direct the nurses in the best possible action answerable by law (Lachman, 2006). In this essay, the author will rationalize the relevance of professional, ethical and legal regulations in the practice of nursing. The author will discuss and analyze the chosen scenario and critically review the action taken at the expense of the patient and the care workers. In addition, the author will also evaluate the strength and limitations of the scenario in a broader issue with reasonable judgement supported by theories and principles of ethical and legal standards.
I personally feel that the life of a person is well above all policies and regulations and if an attempt to rescue him or her from death at the right time remains unfulfilled, it is not the failure of a doctor or nurse, it is the failure of the entire medical and health community.
End of life care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can be very stressful for ICU nurses due their need to rapidly transition from curative care to end of life care, therefore the interventions they choose are very important. The qualitative study “A Study of the Lived Experiences of Registered Nurses who have Provided End-of-Life Care Within an Intensive Care Unit,” by Holms (2014), explores the experiences of ICU nurses who have provided end of life care to dying patients and their families in the ICU. End of life care according to Radbruch and Payne, is “synonymous with palliative care yet it is more specific to acutely unwell patients who require palliative care in the last few hours, days or weeks of their lives” (As cited in Homs, 2014, p. 549). Sadly, patients in the ICU are critically or terminally ill, and most are unable to plan their own end of life care. Therefore, nurses in the ICU are needed to help guide patients and family members through this process. According to Wright, “95% of patients within the ICU may not have the ability to make informed decisions” (As cited in Holms, 2014, p. 549). The discussion of end of life care in the ICU continues to be a very controversial because care is highly inconsistent due to conflicting opinions on what to base the care for the patient.
DNR is a legal order to facilitate natural death or no intervention to prevent death. This is an important decision on someone’s life and reflect their wishes (ANA 2012). In New York state Nurse practitioners are allowed to sign death certificates but not allowed to enter Do Not Resuscitate order. In New York state, nurse practitioner’s scope of practice includes diagnose, treat illness and give compassionate care but not “eligible” to give end of life care (NYSOP, 2016). This also interferes the continuity of care. DNR policy in New York state is a main barrier to achieve full extent of our education and training.
The purpose of this study was to explain how nurses and physicians in the intensive care units (ICUs) make end-of-life decisions. The research question was how the ICU physicians and nurses portrayed their thoughts and showed their experience in end-of-life decision making. The researchers used a qualitative, descriptive research design to develop a systemic research project and also used grounded theory methods by Strauss and Corbin as the theoretical model. The researchers focused on the population that was ICU nurses and physicians in a Magnet designated, Midwestern hospital. The data were collected from the one-on-one unstructured interviews, the interview transcripts, and the field notes. One research member conducted the interviews with
I am presented with questions, from both family and patients, regarding when it is appropriate to die peacefully and not prolong living with a terminal disease. I see how hard it is on the family and the patient when they do not agree about an end of life decision. During a start of care, I always ask if the patient has a DNR. Although it is a simple yes or no question, I believe after viewing these videos, I will discuss the importance of making their wishes known, to both the family and healthcare staff, prior to experiencing a condition that could prevent them from expressing their wishes. It is very important to discuss this information with their family and physician and take appropriate action when they are still fairly healthy and in sound
Ethical issues arise daily in the healthcare world. The manor in which issues are addressed vary. “There are, it might be said, as many histories of nursing ethics as there are individual ethicists and professional or cultural contexts” (Guildford 2010, p.1). “A code of ethics is a fundamental document for any profession. It provides a social contract with the society served, as well as ethical and legal guidance to all members of the profession” (Lachman 2009, p.55). According to Lachman, since the original ANA Code from 1950, the significance of service to others has been consistent. Two changes in the code have occurred since the original. First, not only the patient is being treated, but the family and community where they live are also considered.
Several ethical principles that are incorporated in the nursing care of patients on a daily basis are nonmalificence, autonomy, beneficence, justice, fidelity and paternalism. Nurses should strive to comply to as many of the principles as possible. In this case there are principles which support and conflict with the wishes of the patient. The first principle that supports the wish of the patient is autonomy. Autonomy means that competent patients have the right to make decisions for themselves and the delivery of the healthcare that they receive. Another factor that would support the patient’s wish to not be resuscitated is nonmalificence. Non maleficence means that nurses should not cause harm or injury to their patients. In this case the likelihood of injury after resuscitation was greater than if the patient were allowed to expire. A principle that could have negatively affected the outcome of the provision of ethical care was paternalism. Paternalism is when a healthcare provider feels that they know what is best for a patient, regardless of the patient’s desire for their own care. I demonstrated the principle of paternalism because I thought that I knew what was best for the patient without first consulting with the patient or family. This situation might have had some very negative consequences had the patient not have been competent. Practicing a paternalistic mindset might have caused a practitioner in the same instance to force their ideas about not resuscitating the loved one onto the family. This could have caused a sense of remorse and loss of control of care amongst the
The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses has five elements that pertain to the Principle of Autonomy. Each individual element applies to “respect individual persons” (Baillie, McGeehan, Garrett T, M., Garrett R. M., 2013, p.33). In Chapter 2 of the Health Care ethics: Principles and problems text, it discusses thouroghly the consent of an individual to make their own decisions regarding their health and future requests of care. As a nurse or within all heath care professions, we must treat each individual patient with care, respect, and to remain mindful to the patient regarding any aspect of their lives. In the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, it explains ways of maintaining the empathy required in the health field. It further discusses that the respect for human dignity must be a priority, relationships to patients must remain neutral, the severity of the situation, the right to self-rule, and the professionalism that must be upheld by the nurse and their associates.
The American Nurses Association created guidelines for the profession including, a set clear rules to be followed by individuals within the profession, Code of Ethics for Nurses. Written in 1893, by Lystra Gretter, and adopted by the ANA in 1926, The Code of Ethics for Nurses details the role metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics have within the field (ANA, 2015). Moral obligation for an individual differs within professions than it does within an individual’s personal life, so the code of ethics was written to establish rules within the profession. The moral obligation to provide quality care include the fundamental principles of respect for persons, integrity, autonomy, advocacy, accountability, beneficence, and non-maleficence. The document itself contains nine provisions with subtext, all of which cannot be addressed within this paper however, core principals related to the ethical responsibilities nurses have will be
In conclusion, there are numerous legal and ethical issues apparent in the nursing practice. Nurses should study and be as informed as they can with ethics and legality within their field in order to ensure no mistakes occur. Ethical issues vary based on patient’s views, religion, and environment. Nurses are influenced by these same views, but most of the time they are not the same as the patients. As a nurse we must learn to put the care of our patients and their beliefs, rights, and wishes before our own personal
Nursing is based on the ethical value of a commitment to promoting well-being by providing competent and compassionate care. Guidelines and codes are beneficial because they state values, obligations and limitations. These guidelines are designed to help nurse's think and resolve ethical and professional questions and issues. The nurse is faced with many legal and ethical dilemmas. One of the ...