Nanotechnology is now touching every aspects of day to day life. So there is always evolution in the field of nanotechnology to produce the required size, shape and type of nanothings. Rising demand made chemical and physical methodologies to be used extensively which ultimately created hurdles for the use of nanomaterials in the biomedical applications and caused environmental damage because of the extensive use of ecological hazardous non-polar solvents and costly techniques. Therefore serious efforts should be made to create alternate, eco-friendly, greener technology for the synthesis of nanoparticles.
Hence attempts of finding newer biological materials for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their effects to pathogenic microorganism as well as to mammalian cells has been made and presented.
9.2. Competent components of the thesis
The major focus of the work presented in this thesis is on the development of the greener and faster rout of biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity measurements. The possible different biological ways to produce silver nanoparticles have been described in different chapters and summarized in this chapter.
For the first microorganism is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Rhodococcus NCIM 2891, an actinobacteria, has been demonstrated for the intra- and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Initially by varying the pH, growth phase, temperature, precursor concentration, nitrate source, carbon source, it is predicted that for synthesis of nearly monodispersed synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhodococcus sp, 2mM AgNO3, Log phase culture of microorganism, slight alkaline pH sodium acetate as carbon source, and 30-35 οC temperature is...
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... leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles are less cytotoxic than microbial one.
9.4. Future scope of the thesis
Different biological methods to synthesize AgNPs have described in this thesis. As-prepared AgNPs showed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Different silver salts other tan AgNO3 must be used to study the variations with respect to size and shapes. The polymer entrapped AgNPs can be further tested for the wound healing property in both ways in-vivo and in-vitro. Also showed that the concentration of AgNPs required to kill pathogenic microorganisms is far minimum than that required to be toxic to mammalian cells. But in depth study of the cytotoxicity is required to be done to use biological synthesized nanoparticles in medicine as nanomedicine. Antiviral studies of biological synthesized AgNPs must be studied extensively.
Colloidal silver is particles of silver broken down or mixed into liquid. In the early 20th, ,century colloidal silver or as it is more popularly known “silver water” was marketed as a cure for tumors; now in alternative medicine it is referenced as a cure all with healing properties.
Antimicrobial encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles is a suggested novel drug delivery system to treat CRS. Nanoparticles are categorized into nanospheres (matrix-like structure) and nanocapsules (vesicular systems). Nanospheres are a type of nanoparticles that allows drug encapsulation surrounded by a polymer matrix (Pinto Reis C. et al., 2006). Literature suggests Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) is an attractive polymer to coat the nanospheres due to their biodegradable and biocompatible properties (Makadia HK. & Siegel SJ., 2011). The nanoprecipitation solvent-diffusion method was chosen for encapsulation of the poorly water-soluble drug MUP. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed. PLGA and MUP in a 1:1...
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
This article discusses alternative antibiotics for antibiotic resistant bacteria. The author brings up the idea of using a nanotechnology-driven approach to fight against pseudomonas aeruginosa. This would be done by using nanoparticles to target and destroy pathogenic bacteria targeted selectively. This has been explored by using gold nanorods that were previously linked to antibodies that will selectively destroy the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium. The results show that the exposure to this type of radiation produces a reduction of the viability of the bacterial cells.
Silver is an important elements in the Periodic table. Every element in the periodic table has a special symbol, and silvers special symbol is Ag. Silvers chemical symbol Ag is an abbreviation of the Latin word for silver. The Latin word comes from arguments a Sanskrit word that means shiny.
It is clear that nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize health care and even transport
According to a critical review by Rosenblatt et al (2009), “.silver interacts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins and with DNA, altering hydrogen bonding and inhibiting respiratory processes, DNA unwinding, cell-wall synthesis, and cell division (Pg #? ). ” It is through those means that pathogens are destroyed and biofilm formations are hindered. The study by Lou et al (2011) shows how SDF reacts with different tooth structures.... ... middle of paper ...
I ended up starting at 6.4 and use all of it up to 49.0. To make silver nitrate, we used (0.5 mol) *(.250 dm squared) which equals .125, then times .125 by the molar mass which is 169.82 to get 21.2275 grams. From that point, we were able to make the solution of silver nitrate.
Colloidal silver is a supplement that has been used for hundreds of years, dating back to the 19th century with French surgeon Dr. Carl Crede.1 Colloidal silver is a product that has little respect in the Food and Drug and Administration’s eyes but plenty of attraction in the natural and holistic medical field. The specific component of colloidal silver that my research is on is ACS 200, which stands for Advanced Cellular Silver. I have personally used ACS 200 before. I used the product to treat my sore throat. I choose to the use the product because it claimed to be effective. The manufacture recommends a medicinal dosage of 6 sprays in the mouth twice daily and a therapeutic dosage of 12 sprays twice daily. The advertisement on the label,
Around 3000 BC , silver was mined from lead ores in Turkey and Greece, where it was used for jewelry and a form of money.16 Once taken from the earth, the lead ores were smelted to purify the silver and were heated to separate other metals from the silver. Today, the largest silver mines are located in Mexico, Guatemala, and Russia.17 These mines harvest ores with lead, copper, and zinc being major components and silver being a minor component. Silver is highly valued for its anti-bacterial properties, its highly reflective nature in photograph development, and in mirror and dental alloy production.
Research done by Figueroa et al. (2013) has turned up an advance in the method of non-viral gene delivery utilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNP). In their work they have developed an exceptionally efficient way of transfection by experimentally improving certain desirable traits of the gold nanoparticle polyamidoamine (AuPAMAM) c...
As one of the most easily recognizable elements on the periodic table, Silver is not only one of the worlds first discovered elements, but it is also quite important. It has estimated to have been around since 3000 BC, where it was first mined in what is now known as Turkey. Silver, whose name was derived from the AngloSaxon word seolfor, has an atomic mass of about 107.9, its symbol is Ag (derived from the Latin word for silver, argentum), and it is the best conductor out of all the metals on the periodic table. It has quite the production history, too. When silver was first discovered in Anatolia (modernday Turkey), it was a valuable resource for the nearby civilizations.
Regenerative medicine targets the conservation and development of organ function. The modification of tissues is obtained by linking living cells with materials that work as scaffolds to support cell generation. Nanotechnology is the means that feeds the material structure that simulate biological ones and additionally provide a direct delivery system. The functionality of nanotechnology for regenerative medicine is primarily due to its small unit size according to the International System of Units, one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. The unit size allows for the technological apparatus to navigate the bloodstream and target and fix damage cells in tissues.
The main purpose of green nanotechnology has been to develop clean technologies that would minimize potential human and environmental health risk. Also, to encourage replacement of existing products with the clean technologies that is more environmentally friendly. There are many benefits of using green nanotechnologies as the new solution for energy in both their current availability and their current development. Over the new few decades, the highest growth opportunities will come from application of nanomaterials for making better use of existing resources. Nanotechnologies will help reduce weight of carbon emission in transportation utilizing nanocomposite materials that quickly diffuses across the automotive and aerospace industries. Applications of nanotechnologies will result in a global annual savings of 8000 tons of carbon dioxide, which will rise even further to over millions tons by 2020. But, let’s focus on the positive effects of Green Nanotechnology in Solar.
Nanotechnology has found many potential applications in the area of functional foods by engineering biological molecules toward functions very different from those they have in nature, opening up a whole new area of research and development.