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Chapter 13 nervous system: Brain and cranial nerves
According to gate control theory quizlet
Chapter 13 nervous system: Brain and cranial nerves
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Recommended: Chapter 13 nervous system: Brain and cranial nerves
From the dawn of time, there has been pain. Pain is a warning device that tells you to stop doing something. For example if you have your hand on a stove that is on you will get burnt and pain receptors will tell you to stop. In the next paragraph, the author will tell you about the control gate theory.
The control gate theory is a complex theory. It states that “with pain stimulation, small nerve fibers become active. They activate the projection neurons (P) and BLOCK the inhibitory interneuron (I). Because activity of the inhibitory interneuron is blocked, it CANNOT block the output of the projection neuron that connects with the brain. The "gate is open", therefore, pain!!” ("Pain and Why it Hurts"). According to Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D.,Small and large nerve fibers connect to synapse that connect the small and large nerve fibers to spinothalamic tract to send to the brain (Freudenrich). (Freudenrich). In the next paragraph the reader will learn about the types of painful stimuli.
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With mechanical stimuli you get cuts, broken bones, and bruises You can get these from animal bites, knife cuts, falling off a bike etc. It feels like you are getting pinched, strong pressure, squeezing and twisting. For thermal stimuli you get burns, frostbite, hypothermia or hyperthermia(getting to hot or overheating). You can get it from hot chocolate, ice etc. It feels like you are getting exposed to heat and cold temperatures. For electrical stimuli you get burnt. It just feels like you are getting shocked. In chemical stimuli you get broken skin. For visceral (inside the body) stimuli you could have heart attack or an inflamed appendix. If untreated the condition gets worse. There are two main types of pain that are described in the next
What is the physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and painful?How is this different than the inflammatory response that might occur in an internal organ?
There are five main types of shock in the medical field. They are septic shock, anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and neurogenic shock.. This essay will discuss, in detail, the characteristics and treatment associated with each individual type of shock.
Pain is something that several Americans suffer from on a daily basis for varying reasons.
The most common and well described pain transmission is “gate control theory of pain”. This theory was first proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 whereby they used the analogy of gate to explain the inhibition of pain which exists within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. For instance, when tissue damage occurs, substances such as prostaglandin, serotonin, histamine and bradykinin are released from the injured cell. Individual usually consume or apply pain medications such as NSAIDs whereby these medications will cause electrical nerve impulse at the end of the sensory nerve fiber via nociceptor. Nociceptor is a pain receptor that is commonly found in the skin, cornea of eye and organ of motion such as muscles and ligaments. These nerve impulses
Have you ever wondered why when you stub your toe on the chair in the living room, it helps tremendously to yell out an expletive or two and vigorously rub the area? I may not be able to discuss the basis for such language in this paper, but we will explore the analgesic response to rubbing that toe, in addition to the mechanism of pain and alternative treatments such as acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
...t has been noted that the gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965 formed the foundation of understanding the process of pain signal transmission. The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the region of the CNS that controls the passage of pain signals by means of opening and/or closing the gate. Pain can only be perceived if reaches the brain. Events that cause excitation such pain signals and the release of excitatory or facilitatory chemicals cause the gate to open whereas inhibitory events such as competing nerve impulses caused by rubbing trigger closure of the gate. The gate can also be closed due to descending inhibition enhanced by relaxation or the use of pain-relieving medication such as morphine. The brain stem is responsible for controlling the transmission of pain signals via the ascending and descending pain pathways.
Spinothalamic system- sends pain from our bodies to our brains in order for it to register
Dendrites are located on either one or both ends of a cell.The peripheral nervous system then takes the sensory information from the outside and sends the messages by virtue of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals through the neural pathways of the spinal cord. The neurotransmitter chemicals are held by tiny membranous sacs located in the synaptic terminals. Synaptic terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from their sacs is stimulated once the electrical nerve impulse has finished travelling along a neuron and reaches the synaptic terminal. Afterward, neurotransmitters travel across synapses thus stimulating the production of an electrical charge that carries the nerve impulse onward. Synapses are junctions between neighboring neurons. This procedure is reiterated until either muscle movement occurs or the brain picks up on a sensory reaction. During this process, messages are being transmitted from one part of the body onto the next. The peripheral and central nervous system are two crucial subdivisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous
The gate control theory of pain states that non-painful input closes the "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. Stimulation by non-noxious input is able to suppress pain (Melzack). The gate control theory of pain asserts that non-painful input closes the "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system. The human brain is the key component in the sensation of pain.
As we attempt to escape stimuli that cause pain after an initial insult to our body, pain can prevent further damage from occurring. Finally, pain promotes the healing process as we take great care to protect an injured body part from further damage as to minimize the experience of more pain. How is this unpleasant, yet helpful sensation detected? Nociception is the term commonly used to refer to the perception of pain. The receptors involved in pain detection are aptly referred to as nociceptors - receptors for noxious stimuli.
Aim. The purpose of this paper is to clarify and analyze the meaning of the concept of pain. The paper will clarify the defining attributes of pain and identify the antecedents that influence the perception of pain and list the consequences of pain. It will also state the empirical referents in reference to pain.
This type of pain is classified as nociceptive pain or the normal pain process. It involves four processes that occur continuously: transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation. Neuropathic pain is not as easily understood because it involves damage and dysfunction of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and/or the central nervous system (CNS) (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016). Most patients describe neuropathic type pain as burning, stabbing, shooting, and/or a feeling pins and needles (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016). This type of pain is hard to treat because of the subjective nature of pain and not all the causes of neuropathic pain are understood. This paper is a review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of neuropathic pain management. Three articles were found on this subject and summarized to inform its readers on recent research conducted within the last five years. The first article reviewed was a research study to determine strategies patient’s implemented in order to cope with
The sciatic nerve supplies information about movements of the leg and sends information about sensations back to the brain. The sciatic nerve is quite large, in fact, it is the largest peripheral nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve is formed from the lower segments of the spinal cord; it is made up of the lumbar and sacral nerve roots from the spine. The nerves are compressed, and people then experience the symptoms of pain, weakness, and numbness.
Pain, a word that is always associated with getting hurt. The real question now is how it hurt. In life people experience many types of pain. There are two different kinds of pain; physical and mental. The physical part of pain is like falling from something, cutting your arm, or stubbing your toe. The mental part of pain is like hurting someone’s feeling from saying something harsh or doing something to them emotionally, which hurts inside. The causes and effects of physical and mental pain are very different but can be both equally devastating and even more dramatic with emotionally disturbed people.
The physical aspects of pain can vary greatly from a sharp prick with a shot to the excruciating pain of childbirth.Emotional pain has to be the most horrid, in my opinion, of all types of pain. It feels as if your insides are being wrenched out. When my girlfriend and I broke up, I felt as if she had ripped my heart out and I was standing there watching while she stomped on it.