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Effects of poverty on education
Poverty impacting education
Effects of poverty on education
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All children should enter school ready to learn. In order for children to be ready for school at Kindergarten, the critical building blocks of Healthy Development, Strong Families, and Early Learning need be put in place during early childhood.
The following maps and fact sheets are a snapshot of level of risk in Kansas and research on risk and protective factors for school readiness.
A number of risk factors can delay school readiness, while protective factors help support children to be ready for school.
MAPS
The following maps depict the level of risk for each county based on census data for these risk factors: percent of families with children under 18 living in poverty (Poverty) percent of adults with less than a high school
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(Linver, Brookes-Gunn, & Kohen, 2002)
Children from typical middle-class homes entered elementary school with between 1,000 and 1,700 hours of parental reading, compared to the average of only 25 hours for children from a typical low-income home.
Blue Sheet
Kindergarten teachers rank social-emotional skills and executive functions as the qualities most important for school readiness.
Executive functions and behavioral regulation have been found to remain important in predicting of academic outcomes even when intelligence is included.
No differences were found in school readiness between economically disadvantaged and affluent children if their mothers were college-educated.
Income has been found to be the single highest correlate of academic achievement.
ECBG At-Risk Factors
Currently, the goal of the Early Childhood Block Grant is to serve children and families who are "at-risk" with services that fall under the three areas identified by the Kansas Children’s Cabinet and Trust Fund of Healthy Development, Strong Families and Early Learning. In the last request for grant proposals at-risk was defined by the following
Shapiro, E.S. (2011). Saving the future: Response to intervention may be on solution that prevents a child’s ailing academic health. Theory to Practice: An Inquisitive Review of Contemporary Education & Health, 3, 14-19.
meeting educational, health, social service, and parental needs. “Head Start also wants to help bring about a greater degree of social competence in these children (Mallory and Goldsmith, 2002).” The program has met a goal of impacting child development and day care services, and the increasing availability of services offered to low-income families and their children (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2002).
Harry L. Gracey’s article about his perspective of kindergarten as a “academic boot camp” for children really challenged my previous thoughts regarding the structure of school and education. I enjoyed his in-depth look into the physical and social structures of an actual kindergarten classroom and his critical approach in analyzing their daily routine. Before reading the article, I didn’t realize the extent in which education, especially kindergarten, is constructed with systematic activities and programs so that children can be socialized and shaped into good students. Being so young, I obviously don’t remember kindergarten being so structured but I now understand the need for this as the transition from kindergarten into higher levels of learning is important. It’s shocking to know that what I learnt in kindergarten is a large portion of why I am
Statics from the US Census Bureau reveal that just under half of all 3-4 year old children attended preschool in 2013. This is the also the same year that most school districts across the country adapted to a full day of kindergarten, rather than a half day. This means that children now will be expected to handle a 6 hour day of learning and, consequently; for those children who do not attend preschool this could be a real challenge. Preschool not only helps a child with social and emotional skills, it also provides a strong foundation for academic learning. It gives them an opportunity to become familiar with routine in a structured learning environment and can help make the transition to a full day of kindergarten even easier. Yet, there are still some parents who feel -- for many reasons, preschool is unnecessary and choose not to send them.
Samuels, C. (2008). Spec. Ed. Is Funding Early Help Education Week 28 no3 1, 12-13 S
First, one must identify what exactly determines this school readiness. According to Kagan, “[it] sanctions a fixed standard of physical, intellectual, and social development sufficient to enable children to fulfill specific school requirements and to assimilate the curriculum” (49). This standard is often used to determine whether an individual requires a special education or not,...
Many children begin school at the ages of 5 or 6, the age when a child enters kindergarten. However, children?s learning capabilities are at there peak at earlier ages than that. Alison Gopnik, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Berkeley says, ?Children learn more in their early years than they ever will again. With the dissolution of the extended family, the best way to support early learning is with publicly funded pre-K? (Starr, 2002). Their brains are more primed to learn and will absorb more information earlier in life. Therefore the earlier children begin their education, the better. It is through these programs that the children learn proper etiquettes when dealing with teachers and fellow students. ?Children who attend well-planned, high quality programs?tend to learn more and are better prepared to successfully master the complex demands of formal schooling,? says one government commissioned review of research on early childhood education (Ruben, 2000/2001).
McWayne, C., Cheung, K., Green Wright, L. E., & Hahs-Vaughn, D. L. (2012). Patterns of school readiness among head start children: Meaningful within-group variability during the transition to kindergarten. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 862-878. doi: 1939-2176
As a teacher in early childhood development, I believe that the teacher skills and personality influence how children understand, observe and react to the classroom environment and the world around them. Even though part of teacher responsibilities are academic, daily interactions that encourage social, emotional and physical development are important. One of a quality effective early childhood educators’ characteristic is that they should have patience.
A significant portion of the educational downfall and disparity that afflicts our country is embedded in children’s experiences prior to kindergarten (Barnett, 2014). Children perform better on assessments of reading and math skills upon beginning kindergarten when they have previously attended a center or school-based preschool program in the year before school entry. These children continue to excel on assessments when skills are evaluated in the
Schools with high dropout rates are categorized as underperforming schools. Since a majority of our children, who drop out of school, do so in middle school or the first year of high school and their ages range between 12 and 16 years (Cohen & Smerdon, 2009). It is the inability of many middle school kids to make the transition to high school that contributes to an increase in dropout rates. In order to address under performing schools and the high dropout rates, school reform programs were initiated by federal, local, state governments and many independent organizations. School reform programs were a means to improve student performance in the classroom and show a measured increase in student achievement (Brandlow, 2001) (Erb, 2006) (National Middle School Association, 2003). This Research looks at brief amount of data related to Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) and its effects in a multicultural environment on middle school achievement. The research is intended to assist the reader in determining if CSR effectively contributed more to advance middle school achievement in multicultural and low-income environments than in none multicultural high-income environments.
The first day of kindergarten can be an awful experience. I vividly remember how terrible the first day of kindergarten was for me. I cried until I had no tears left, and I clung to my mom’s side for safety. After several attempts, my mom and Miss. Mariner, my kindergarten teacher, were able to coax me to enter the classroom. They provided me with several reasons as to why I would like kindergarten, but it was that final argument that school was only three hours long, which convinced me to “brave” it out. I didn’t have any disorders. I wanted to learn, and I was by no means antisocial. I was afraid of leaving my mom, and I was uncomfortable of changing my normal schedule. Fortunately, I loved kindergarten and after that first day there were no more tears. However, I was still preoccupied with the fact that three hours of my life were being taken from me. After the third week of school, I told my mom I had to quit all my other activities because school took up too much of my time. I laugh now at how precocious I was, but in the eyes of any five-year-old, three hours is a huge chunk of their time. I cannot even imagine what my behavior would have been like if kindergarten was a full day. After three hours of school, I was exhausted and a little irritable. This transition from no structure to six hours of structured school time may be too much for a young child to handle. This is why kindergarten should focus on acclimating a child to the school day by allowing them to wade into the “waters,” instead of throwing them into the “deep end.
“Many interviewees highlighted the following key components that have helped facilitate successful transitions from Head Start to kindergarten”
Morrison, G. S. (1976). Chapter 6: Early Childhood Programs APPLYING THEORIES TO PRACTICE. In Early childhood education today (10th ed., pp. 5-31). Columbus, Ohio: Merrill.
The first national goal focuses directly on the early childhood years: "By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn." We believe that from the time of birth, all children are ready to learn. However, what we do or don't do as individuals, educators, and collectively as society can impede a child's success in learning. For example, if we do not provide adequate health care and nutrition for our youngsters, those children entering the public schools will already be behind their healthier, properly fed peers. The current educational practices of testing children for kindergarten entry and placement, raising the entrance age to kindergarten, adding an extra "transitional" year between kindergarten and first grade, and retaining children in preschool, kindergarten, or first grade are attempts to obtain an older, more capable cohort of children at each grade level. These educational strategies suggest that current curriculum expectations do not match the developmental level of the children for whom the grade is intended. In effect, these strategies blame the victims, the children, rather than confronting the real problem--an inappropriate curriculum.