3.3 Research Approaches Deductive approach will be used. Deductive as explained by Saunders and Lewis (2012, p. 108) it is an approach “which involves the testing of a theoretical proposition by using a research strategy designed to perform this test.” Moreover, we add that the research question should be defined while using general theory that exists already. (Saunders and Lewis 2012, p.108). Perhaps, deductive approach gives us the possibility to understand the theories that are currently established and raise questions or hypothesis to achieve any required further research. Saunders et al. (2012, p. 145) further explains that the hypotheses can be directly linked and formed from a theory or theories. Furthermore, deductive approach …show more content…
(2012, p. 173) can be generally defined “as a plan on how a researcher will go about answering her or his research questions.” In other words, while choosing our research strategy, we will try to explain how we are going to answer our research questions. Because we have incorporated quantitative and qualitative method, there are some issues that arise in the research strategy. Our research strategies will be principally linked with our quantitative and qualitative method research design and will be associated with our research philosophies and deductive approach. In this case the researcher use surveys questionaaires that will be administered and structured interviews as it is linked with the necessity to understand the reasons of for the participants’ attitudes or opinions regarding a specific issue and in this case ‘Accounting for RM, CG and EB in FIs …show more content…
On quantitative data analysis techniques, Saunders (2012, page 414) specifies that “graphs, charts and statistics...help us to explore, present, describe and examine relationships and trends within our data.” The data collected will be checked for reliability because there will always be some errors no matter how carefully you are. Thus, our data will be collected and analysed using statistical techniques such as SPSS and Excel to determine: descriptive statistics, scattered charts, correlation analysis, hypothesis testing and other statistical testing. SPSS and Excel permit for further analytical abilities such as the creation of models and association of themes in data collected and validating the research hypothesis. In addition
During this study some of these theories will be applied , like
Based on the preceding ontological and epistemological assumptions a researcher then makes methodological assumptions. Having decided on exactly what is to be studied the researcher then decides how the research can best be managed thus formulating a plan of action. Considerations include whether the research used should be primary or secondary. Whether one will test an existing hypothesis or whether one will construct a theory after having collated evidence. Finally one can draw conclusions as to which strategy to implement with the ultimate goal of producing the type of knowledge that is required. This then results in the type of method or methods of research to be used.
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
Draw conclusions 5.Analyse and interpret 4.Present the data 3.Record data 2. Plan data collection HYPOTHESIS I think that the age, make, amount of owners will affect the price of the second hand cars. In the investigation, I will use several different types of charts and graphs to support and show my hypothesis is correct and to show if my predictions were incorrect, or correct. After I have investigated some of the attributes, I will then draw up another hypothesis and see what will happen at the second half of my investigation.
For everything that occurs, there will somehow be something that caused the action to happen. It is more of a cause and effect ideal or simple a reaction to an action. In terms of research academics, independent and dependent variables are concepts or attributes to certain things that occur such as drug use, crime, or domestic abuse. For example, stress or other personal problems may lead to someone to use drugs. Also, poverty may lead someone to commit crime. In addition, a power controlled individual may cause a partnership to suffer physical or verbal abuse.
To accurately produce a new idea the focus must be placed on integrating and not elaborating on the already presented theories. There are three types of integration, deductive, parallel, and sequential. Deductive integration refers dealing with concepts or ideas from top to bottom. Parallel synthesis which is the creation of a plan to divide the problem, into a type of crime versus the conflict. Then there is sequential integration where you put the theories next to each other in order where the independent and dependent variables can be introduced into the other idea and then creating a third theory and so on (Schmalleger, 2012).
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
This essay is going to critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using surveys and questionnaires as a method of Socio-Legal research. When conducting socio-legal research, a number of methods can be used to collect useful information.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
A qualitative write-up is characterized by thick, detailed descriptions. The report aims to tell a story and report findings, sharing “what the researcher has learned and how s/he learned it” (Patton, 2002, p. 502). However, concerns about quality remain as omissions will be made, analytic structures are not all encompassing, and philosophical points may induce chaos. Researchers are therefore challenged to ensure quality, addressing audience and format requirements, as well as communicating research findings strategically and reflexively (Creswell, 2013; Patton, 2002).
The purpose of this research is to determine if there is a link between supplemental media from Khan Academy and student academic performance. Furthermore, the research also seeks to determine the attitudes of teachers and students towards toward Khan Academy, particularly during the intervention period. The results are parsed and analyzed with the intention of providing clear conclusions as well as reasonable answers to research questions. First, the general findings of the data will be presented. These will be general conclusions derived from detailed analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. The detailed analysis of the quantitative data is presented in terms of increasing complexity beginning with averages
The deductive approach can be explained using the assumption driven from theory. In other words, the deductive approach includes deducing the results from the premises. When a deductive method is applied for a research project, the author formulates a set of assumptions that need to be tested and then, using relevant methodology, tests the assumptions. Deductive reasoning has specific characteristics that must be understood. If the premises of deductive reasoning are accepted, then, the result must necessarily be accepted. In a deductive reasoning, the contents of the result are implicitly stated in the premises, making such argument a non-ampliative one. If new premises are added to the argument, then the result must still follow them. A deductive argument is either valid or invalid and there is no degree of validity. There is no choice or decision in applying such argument and no judgment is necessary for getting the result and
Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important.
Traditional research may use quantitative or qualitative research method. According to Hendricks (2009), quantitative research is a general conclusion based on hard data. Hen-dricks describe quantitativ...
The Importance and Appropriateness of Utilizing Different Methodologies for Research. Introduction The process of research entails the logical as well as systematic search for useful data and information with regard to a specific topic (Jha, 2008). It is also comprised of the investigation of the best, most cost effective and appropriate solutions to both social and scientific issues, following an objective and logical analysis. Jha, (2008) defines research as the search for knowledge and the discovery of the truth. During this process, the data can be gathered from a wide pool of sources among them interviews, books, nature among others.The data can then be analyzed with the appropriate data analysis tools, so as to report the findings