Most of his life was dedicated to writing. Not many critics had the chance to find out that in actual fact, Rao’s work still remains mostly unexplored. When examining the Raja Rao Archives, I was not surprised to find out that at least seven or eight novels written throughout his life still remain unpublished. A similar scenario applies to hundreds of critical essays, talks, lectures, letters to several writers and politicians (such as Andre Malraux and Indira Gandhi), in English as well as in French (along with a few poems he wrote in French), which would defy the views of several critics who do not consider Rao a prolific writer. … Since much of his work results still unpublished, a great deal of editing and cataloguing work remains to be …show more content…
The gist of each novel of Raja Rao is presented in a chronological manner in the following part.
Raja Rao’s first novel Kanthapura reflects his knowledge of rural South Indian life, his serious concern for Indian freedom struggle and his sincere attempt to show-case Indian modes of form and style in the language which is not his own i.e. English. The novel is mainly an action novel which occurs around the village Kanthapura. What was happening at the local level in the 1930s is vividly described in the novel. Thus, Kanthapura is not one village but every village; one may say India in microcosm.
The story of Kanthapura is narrated, in puranic manner, by a typical Indian grandmother Achakka. It starts with the geographical/topographical description of a small village named Kanthapura. This small village contains only a hundred houses. It is divided into different quarters like Brahmin’s quarters, Potter’s quarters, Weaver’s quarters and Pariah’s
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Bade Khan is the symbolic representation of the government authority in Kanthapura. He is hated and socially boycotted by Kanthapurians. Ultimately he goes to the Skeffington Coffee Estate. The owner, a Redman, provides him a shelter in the plantation estate.
Moorthy and his closed group of educated boys of the village vigorously involve in the national movement. They go to distribute free Charkhas and explain the advantages of Charkha-spinning to the residents of Kanthapura. The entire village accepts it because it is an advice by Moorthy. Not only this, but they also follow the directions issued by the Congress from time to time.
An easy mingling of Moorthy with the low-caste people, Pariahs, pinches Bhatta. He hates Gandhian movement only because of this type of impurity. He goes to city to inform the religious leader about the activities of Moorthy. At the return, he tells Narsamma, Moorthy’s widowed mother, that the Swami has excommunicated her whole family and all the generations to come. That very night, the old lady rushes towards the river and fells-down unconscious in a field. She is found dead the next morning. She is cremated where she laid, but Bhatta refuses to perform the funeral rites. With disgust, Moorthy leaves for some unknown destination where the last rites are to be performed. On his return, he lives at Kannyya House. They give food to him at the kitchen-door as
In the story “Mrile” it is evident that an ideal citizen of Chaga society must do life- sustaining chores for God. Mrile assists various people with their work in order to meet with God. Once he masters each task, which have sustained Chaga society for generations, he will have reached God. Mrile’s transition to an ideal citizen is presented by three stages: separation, ordeal, and reincorporation. Mrile experiences many events that led to becoming part of civilization and reach adulthood.
Rahim Khan and Baba usually converse about life together daily. Many struggles and conflicts continually bring the four characters together and recurringly push them apart. Amir has to make many crucial decisions as the protagonist in the story. Amir endures many hardships throughout the story that frequently set him at odds and question his morals as a human being.
Many of other slum dwellers where the factory was Muslim, and Dharavi is nothing if not diverse. From all over the India come many of their residents who have lived for ages or more than that. One of the neighborhoods slum is controlled by the successors of potters’ state, however they settled in the Dharavi. While they visited the potters in the afternoon, they were puzzled and tried to find a small number of signs of life, apart from smoking kilns and old napping on a rope cot. Because many of the potters and their families would like to visit the weeding, they took off during the afternoon.
Do you ever imagine you and your family in a perilous country like Kabul,? The Breadwinner is set during the rule of the Taliban who hold a restrictive and oppressive view of Islam. In the novel, many Afghans struggle to maintain their human dignity and keep a hopeful posture about their dire situation and future. Do you ever think of yourself struggling to live in a cruel town with war and brutality And many traumatizing things to see? But if that’s true then you should probably look at Parvana's life and examine how it goes in the book, the theme is on struggling.
To begin, when Raja and Kuti dies Rukmani is left to to suffer and grieve for the loss of life. Her reaction to the death of the two aforementioned children is one of a mother swamped with grief. When she is faced with Raja’s dead Rukmani has this to say: “For this I have given you birth, my son, that you should lie in the end at my feet with ashes in your face and coldness in your limbs and yourself departed without a trace, leaving this huddle of bones and flesh without meaning” (Markandaya 89). Above, Markandaya used imagery to describe the feeling of the corpse when viewed from a motherly perspective. Rukmani again shows no apathy to the loss of her other son, Kuit, “I crooned to him, forgetting he was dead, until the cold came creeping
Globalization: The time in which the novel is written is essentially at the peak of Indian globalization, or “Americanization”. The theme is prominent, especially due to the technological and cultural advances that have taken places in Indian society. Balram, the protagonist’s employers decided to move to Gurgaon as a substitute for the USA. Furthermore, this globalization has led to sudden rise in the entrepreneurial culture in India that even resulted in Balram, formerly a driver, starting his own cab company. Although Balram’s transition from a driver to an entrepreneur took place under extraordinary circumstances, he does to keep up with the times.
(The) tale of how I was corrupted from a sweet, innocent village fool into a citified fellow full of debauchery, depravity, and wickedness.’ (p.189). The corruption is the end of Balram’s process of change from a village boy to a successful
Lately Indian novelist has shifted from rural to metro India, which is the living soul of the country. The problems of urbanization and the problems faced by the people of metro India find a powerful expression in Indian English fiction.
Through this custom Pashtoon help their poor neighbors and the person who takes refuge with them and want to settle down with them. There are various benefits ashar. Under the Ashar the villagers build their and their poor neighbors and other villagers Houses. In this way they take part in constructing the houses in the village. In agriculture they help each other in the labour during the work in the fields. If a villager join hands and plough his lands, such assistance is rendered at the time of funeral and marriages also. In tribal areas apart from Khan or malik, the religious Mullah and Syed also have a great hold. In the villages the Mullah and his pupils living in the village mosque have to be fed by the villagers every day. A student of the mosque used to goe to the door to door to villagers for “Zeera” to collect bread and curry for the other pupils. The villagers come out and give whatever he has cooked for
V. S. Naipaul’s A House for Mr. Biswas is a story of Indian Hindu migrants whose grand-parents have been migrated in Trinidad and Tobago as indentured labourers on the sugarcane estates and started living there permanently. Two families have been described particularly in the novel in the main plot. One is Mohun Biswas’s family and other one is Tulsi family in Arwacas. Hindu rituals, rites and customs have been criticized in the novel at many places. Mr. Biswas tragic Hindu life starts when he was a mere child. According to Cudjoe, “Given the Hindu sensibility that informs the text, Mr. Biswas’s tragic dimension can be perceived as poetic necessity. (Cudjoe 74) When Mr. Biswas’ father drowns in the pond and subsequently dies in an effort to find his son in the pond, then this family loses the respect which is reserved to Hindu Brahmins. They eat food in Sadhu’s house as per Hindu rituals. Biswas’ family belonged to a Hindu Brahmin family and as per Hindu customs the garlic and even onion is not used in their food as it is considered a tamasik bhojan; then how this family eats the meat served to them and there is not mentioning of any resistance or reluctance of non-vegetarianism by any of the member of family. They eat non-vegetarian food there. It is only Mr. Biswas who feels nauseated and vomits all the food:
The Ramayana of Valmiki is one of the great Hindu epics in literature and has had a profound influence in Indian society. The influence of the epic poem appears in the domestic familial relations of the people and its characters are the models which the culture yearns for. According to M.V. Kamath, a veteran Indian journalist “The Ramayana is not just a story: it presents India 's culture, its philosophical foundation in all its variety and glory. As Hinduism spread in South-east Asia, so did the Ramayana, in countries like Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar and Malaysia.”
Rohinton Mistry’s “Such A Long Journey” is the story of turbulent life of Gustad Noble and his family, who lives in Khodadad Building north of Bombay. The story portrays the series of events such as his son Sohrab’s refusal to attend Indian Institution of Technology, hardships faced by his friends and family, political turmoil and chaos caused by the war between India and Pakistan. Gustad transforms from a stubborn, materialistic and awful person to an open-minded and more adaptive to circumstantial changes in his life. Ultimately, Gustad Noble journeys to a greater understanding of his role as a father, friend and citizen of India.
According to McCurdy, the main ways that kinship organizes “Bhil” society in Ratakote, India are the terms used to refer to them, the responsibilities that they have toward one another, and the importance of marrying them off properly. Marriage plays a big role in life for the Bhil’s of Ratakote. The Bhil’s follow their tradition of arranging marriages. They feel that by arranging marriages, both of the families of the bride and groom will benefit in many ways. To them, marriage constructs alliances between the families, lineage, and clans. It also gives social strength and security to the families, and their personal reputations depend on the quality and number of their allied kin.
Mahesh Dattani writes on the burning issues that beset the post-independence Indian society, whether it is communal discord, politics and crime, growing homosexuality or the gender bias. He uses stage to condemn many of the drawbacks prevailing in society. His plays depict marginalized groups of society, people who are considered misfits in a society where stereotyped attitudes and notions reign supreme. His plays have varied content and varied appeal.
There was a time when Indian books were only translated from one Indian language to another. Global acceptance of a book requires a book to be translated into English in today’s competitive age. Good and mediocre translations of Indian literature can be found on the shelves of foreign bookstores and libraries. It has also been noticed that many of these translated versions have been re-translated into Indian languages. This process of re-translation at times takes away true meaning out of the original writing. Misplaced or displaced words are death knell to original beauty of the work