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How has literature changed over time
What is literature
Language in literature importance
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1. INTRODUCTION
It is not easy to define literature. Definition of what “true literature” is has always been under a scanner. For different people, literature comes with a different meaning and a whole set of new explanations. All words that appear on paper are not part of literature. General definition of literature for a graduate student means that he is going to study drama, poetry and novel during the duration of his course. Without the support of a strong and good language, good literature is not possible. And by using the word “language” we commonly understand that it is all about correct usage of punctuation, a good command over vocabulary and well-formed sentences to capture a reader’s attention.
2. RESEARCH
All good poetry, drama,
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People are always looking forward to something new to read; yet some translations that are trying to come out with something extraordinarily new, fail to capture the attention of their readers. Rabindranath Tagore translated his own writings and people loved to read even those because they knew that they will only gain out of reading them. But even though he translated his own works, yet he was always cautious in leaving out the most difficult passages. Beauty of some Bengali verses could not be reproduced in a foreign language in the same manner.
There was a time when Indian books were only translated from one Indian language to another. Global acceptance of a book requires a book to be translated into English in today’s competitive age. Good and mediocre translations of Indian literature can be found on the shelves of foreign bookstores and libraries. It has also been noticed that many of these translated versions have been re-translated into Indian languages. This process of re-translation at times takes away true meaning out of the original writing. Misplaced or displaced words are death knell to original beauty of the work
4. CONCLUSION
For translators translation is all about transference or transmigration of a spirit from old body to a new one; it is also about making another’s thoughts, beliefs, ideas and ideology etc. into one’s own.Moreover translation is a translator’s dialogue with one’s own thinking and that of the
I have taken several literature courses throughout my educational career, such as courses in high school and a couple through Post-Secondary Enrollment Options. The Introduction to Literature course taught at UMR was distinct compared to these previous courses. I don’t mean distinct because we learned what female animals eat their mates or what not to do when a stranger is appreciating your calves. I mean distinct because I actually learned writing skills. From my previous experiences with literature, I have mostly learned how to format a paper. After completing this course, I learned how to analyze writings and tie my thesis into each main point of a paper.
Literature—the dictionary defines it being the art of written works that is designed to entertain, educate and instruct; writers use literature in an attempt to transfer their ideas from paper to the reader; for some, this task means bringing their story to a different place and time that is entirely separate from what the reader could perceive as ordinary, on order to serve the writer’s intent. With this the impossible, becomes the probable, and the worst fear possibly imagined becomes the breathed reality; with no stated separation between the living, and the dying. The word literature in itself cannot be accurately defined, and by attempting to do so limits, the word is instantaneously limited in its usage and effect. Literature just is, just as much as it is not.
Srinivasa Iyengar, you don’t. Iyengar says, “poetry, by nature, is untranslatable. [A] competent translator can, however, play the good broker between the poet and the reader... and give the intimations of the poet’s sovereign utterance.” But even this seems to suggest that at best, the translator is only a middleman, able to convey the subtleties of the poet’s original work, but not without noted differences. Famous poet Bysse Shelley calls translation of poetry “vain”, saying “it were as wise to cast a violet into a crucible that you might discover the formal principal of its color and odor, as seek to transfuse from one language to another the creations of a poet. The plant must spring again from its seed, or it will bear no
Translation is a linguistic science, but it occurs within a theological and moral framework. The issue is a sensitive one, as theology involves an obligation to the text and morality involves an obligation to the
Throughout this course, I have discovered that literature is more than just words being brought together by an author to form an emotionally charged story. Literature provides an engaging outlet into an imaginary realm to its audience. As the reader is captivated by the story, poem or play, a, emotional connection is established.
As a precursor, the common understanding needs to be reached that: literature is an art, and has many mediums. Medium is the material or technique with which an artist works (Dictionary.com), for example: photographs, pastels, canvas, paper, ink, etc... There are technical, recreational, and otherwise artistic uses for all mediums. A small child taking pictures of a puppy with a disposable camera, a reporter taking precise pictures of a sporting event, and an artist taking close-up pictures of the dew as it drips off a tree are all different uses of the same medium in photography. Literature can be created with many different intentions and reasons, but the attempt to determine that something is not art based off of the motivation or intentions of the artist is quit meaningless.
"For the translator, who stands astride two cultures, possesses two different sensibilities, and assumes a double identity" —Husain Haddawy
One statement in the beginning of the book was especially poignant to any one who studies Indian culture, It is easy for us to feel a vicarious rage, a misery on behalf of these people, but Indians, dead and alive would only receive such feelings with pity or contempt; it is too easy to feel sympathy for a people who culture was wrecked..
Literature is used throughout the world and many consider it as a language itself. It is used to express emotions and the human's imaginations through creative writing. Literature is written work that is superior and has artistic merits. Schools and officials are stating that literature has no real values that will help students in the real world. They are wanting to restructure schools to better fit what is now needed in our society, but many argue that literature has merits that far exceeds the real world problems. In our history, literature not only gave humans an outlet to record their thoughts through creative writing, but it also allowed us to explore the deepest parts of our mind and have an eloquent way to record it, and allowing access for others to experience. Without Literature, our world would be blunt and would be lacking in color.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Literature is an essential part of society in the present day and enables the communication between multiple parties in a written form. Texts can provide a vast knowledge on subjects dependent on content whereas novels are often seen as being purely for leisure and enjoyment. However it can often be seen that prose
Translations are essential to us and our culture, because through ancient documents, inscriptions and books, historians and archeologists reconstruct the ancient societies and civilizations, as well as the story of our forefathers and the history of the entire human race. They allow communication between us and different countries and nations, whose language might be different from ours and this may create difficulties in being able to understand each other. However, translators make this possible as they are the mediators between two different cultures. The need for translations is massive, from both a social and political outlook. According to David Katan’s Translating Cultures, “The translator is a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communication participants in two different language communities” (16). Therefore, for a translation to succeed translators have to be not only bilingual, but also bicultural. A translator is furthermore put in an exclusive but at the same time, difficult position because it is his responsibility to clarify certain ideas within cultural and natural boundaries. This can be done by keeping the same exact (literal) meaning. Interpreting and translating a text is not a simple and easy task; it takes time and is also challenging, because “the translator cannot merely search for equivalent words in the target language to render the meaning of the source” (Dingwaney and Maier, 3). Up until today there are many translations of ancient works and books, such as the Odyssey; and so, there is a wide range for people to choose from. This choice must be taken with the most care because some may be exceptionally good at communicating the essence of the original text while others ...
Literature is always interactive. Thus, not only can the thoughts of people who write/translate it, but also those of people who read it can interfere. Different cultural backgrounds, growth environment etc. of different people will be the factors that can disrupt the intact understanding of the readers. Furthermore, the ‘taste’ of a word also can be related to the perception
As English governed the India , they used an efficient way to destroy the revolt from the Indian . They taught Indian English instead of their original language. Hindi is the traditional language in India, and it has thousands of the years ’ history. English gives Indian more opportunities on global business and makes Indian have higher status in the world, however, at the same time, it causes many problems. With Indian use English to communicate with foreigners, they forgot the original language. Most young people recognize that English is more fashionable. Our educational policies systematically discourage the teaching of Sanskrit, and one wonders again whether that is in deference to Macaulay, who found that great language (though he confessed ...
translation which are all close or very close to the ST (source text) (Schjoldager, 2008, p. 93-99). Therefore, they are not considered as creative skills and strategies, and texts translated using merely these cannot be considered creative translations. On the contrary, eight strategies in some way add to the level of creativity when applied in translations (which are Explication, Condensation, Deletion, Addition, Paraphrase, Adaptation, permutation and Substitution). Within these eight creative strategies and skills, the degree of creativity varies as well. The model of creativity classifies the strategies explicitation, condensation and deletion as slightly creative since they merely involve elaborating on existing meaning, shortening text and taking out meaning. The other five creative strategies, however, are rewriting semantics of the ST or adding meaning which cannot be directly inferred from the ST. Therefore, they are regard as more creative.