1.0 General Background The pulp and paper industry plays an important role in the economic growth of the country. It is in general, highly energy intensive (Kong et al., 2012, 2013; Martin et al., 2000; Bajpai and Bajpai, 1998; Bajpai, 2011; Kramer et al., 2009; European commission, 2001; 2013; Peng et al., 2015; Blomberg et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2014). It consumes energy in the form of power as well as fuels. It is the fifth largest industrial energy user in the United States, consuming about 11% of the total industrial energy per year. In India, it is the sixth largest consumer of energy in the industrial sector. The papermaking energy intensities in United States are found to be greater than those in many other countries (Farla et al., 1997).The pulp …show more content…
Industrial Energy End-Use Analysis & Conservation Potential in Six Major Industries in Canada, Chapter 3 - Pulp and Paper. Prepared for Natural Resources Canada. Prepared by MK Jaccard and Associates & Willis Energy Services Ltd. Ottawa, Canada. Kinstrey, RB, White D (2006). Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study: Greenville (SC): Jacobs Engineering & Atlanta (GA): Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at Georgia Institute of Technology; 2006 Aug. Project Number: 16CX8700. Sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Klugman S, Karlsson M, Moshfegh B (2007). A Scandinavian chemical wood pulp mill. Part 1. Energy audit aiming at efficiency measures. Applied Energy, 84(3), 326-339. Kong L, Hasanbeigi A, Price L (2012). Emerging Energy-efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Technologies for the Pulp and Paper Industry. Berkeley, California: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBNL-5956E; 2012 Kong L, Price L, Hasanbeigi A, Liu H, Li J (2013). Potential for reducing paper mill energy use and carbon dioxide emissions through plant-wide energy audits: A case study in China Applied Energy, Volume
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) and Pulp and Lumber Production. Introduction Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is commercially one of the four most important conifers in the southeastern United States. In fact, shortleaf pine has the widest range of all southern pines, spreading from Florida to New Jersey and from North Carolina to Oklahoma. Sidney Investments, a firm based in Dallas, Texas, is considering the purchase of a 360-acre parcel of forested land located in the Quachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma. This land has been under timber production through one rotation to this point.
...recycle used chemicals to be reused. The pulp plant would not generate any revenue without the recaust system. In the paper plant the problem is the supply of pulp. Glatfelter has mention shortage of pulp and purchase pulp from outside sources, which would be considered more expensive than producing it. The paper machine is running continuously and shutdown is avoided at all cost as shut down means the plant would be losing money at a rate of $12000 per hour.
Wards Cove Packing Company had two types of jobs available. There were the unskilled cannery jobs and then there were the non-cannery jobs which were classified as skilled positions. The cannery jobs were filled predominately by nonwhites, and the non-cannery skilled positions were filled with mainly white workers. The cannery and non-cannery jobs were put in separate housing, and the non-cannery positions were paid more than the cannery positions. A group of nonwhite cannery workers filed a suit in the District Court under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Their claim was that they were being discriminated against because of their race. They also claimed that there was no reason that the people being hired for
...rn, M., Ramroth, L., & Lovins, A. B. (2008). Transformational trucks: determining the energy efficiency limits of a class-8 tractor-trailer. Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass, CO.
In Thailand, fruit bundles have to be transported from the plantation to the mills and refineries, which are located in Krabi province. The Thailand government is using palm oil biodiesel to become more sustainable. They are trying to reduce the dependence on import and to improve energy security in the country. After analyzing the life cycle production of methyl ester, it was found that the three major energy consumptions is transportation, fertilizer, and methanol. There should be a reduction in the amount of fertilizer. Biodiesel should be used instead of diesel and fossil fuels, which are often used, for a more environmental friendly way. There should be non-fossil fuels to produce methanol. There should be efficient utilization of co-products, including fibers and shells to improve overall energy output (Pleanjai and
More than 17 million tonnes of fuel wood are consumed annually in Nepal, out of which less than 1% is commercialized. The rest is collected by the users free of cost from forests or their own cultivated land.
The purchase of credits is a short term option for all companies producing electricity and steam regardless of the type of fossil fuel used. Present research has concentrated their evaluations on coal since coal produces the highest emissions of CO2. The following is the emissions of CO2 per Btu of energy based on fuel type is : Coal (anthracite) 228.6, Coal (bituminous) 205.7, Coal (lignite) 215.4, Coal (subbituminous) 214.3, Diesel fuel & heating oil161.3, Gasoline157.2, Propane139.0, and Natural gas117.0. Since natural gas is principally methane, it has higher energy thus lower CO2 compared to other fuels. This lower generation of CO2 has limited the interest in research to reduce the CO2 that is in the stack exhaust. However, the cost of engineering, construction, and operating any of the options
Don Bradish was recently hired to fix scheduling issues with the new company in which he works, The Fitzgerald Machine Company. There are a few relevant facts that were given in this case study. The first and foremost fact is Mr. Bradish was hired because the company is having issue with their scheduling. This is important because he comes in with a relevant degree and years of experience with a reputable company. He is going to be looked for to find a solution to the issue outlined in the case study. The second relevant fact in the case study is that the company that The Fitzgerald Machine Company is working with is having labor issues. This is considerable because the $300,000 order is a considerably large
...ology, but presumably they can indeed not offset the cost incurred in carbon storage. Hence overall the economics are negatively contributed (36). Although this doesn’t factor-in significantly in the growth or fall of CO2-EOR projects still it has reasonable contribution in putting a foundation for the future of such a technology.
Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Custom Woodworking Company Corporate Profile 3 III. Opportunity 4 IV. Project Concepts 5 V. Case Study Proposal 5 VI. Project Processes and Knowledge Areas 6 VII.
In addition to the fact that solar, wind, and hydro power are local resources, they are also emission free resources. Emissions and pollution are a key concern with traditional power sources. The coal-fired plants that dominate U.S. energy production also produce more emissions than any other energy source. “Em...
The 'Standard'. Alternative Energy. Chicago. The. HillCrest Publishers Ltd. Demirbas, A. a.
There is a very solid reason for selecting green technology as compared to the other technologies available because there is a very limited amount of natural resources like coal, petroleum available to man kind and these are getting depleted at an alarming rate. Moreover, green technology is turning out to be a good business these days as the market for greener products is increasing day by day. Consumers know that green products reduce their energy bills and these are always safer and healthier products to use, explains [1].
The use of green materials is better for the environment because they have a positive impact on the planet. Looking at our environment today we see a place that has been facing a massive climate change. Scientists have been concerned over global warming for decades. The ongoing increase of the earth’s temperature is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect (“Global Warming” 27). Building with green materials produces significantly lower greenhouse gas emission. Specifically, wood as a material for building products, requires considerably less energy than other building products such as steel and concrete. Wood product manufacture results in fewer greenhouse gas and other air-polluting emissions (“Green Building Benefits”). Green building also results in waste reduction. In the United States, construction and demolition creates a huge amount of solid waste. Green building limits the waste prod...
US DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (2006, July 26). Retrieved July 26, 2006, from http://www.eere.energy.gov/