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Psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalytic theory key term
Psychoanalytical/psychodynamic theory
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This week the readings included extended concepts of psychoanalytic theory that Freudian’s descendants analyzed and explored approaches of the ego, the self, the subject, the intrapsychic, and the I. Psychodynamic analysts evolved new theories that defined the matrix of personality by examining the relationship between object and self. The paper reflects on the intrapsychic and intersubjective process, self-psychological perspective, and it’s strengths and weakness. Intrapsychic and Interpsychic Concept The intrapsychic and intersubjective concept focuses on the problem of internal world of the analysand and the hypothesis of the drive is related to objects, which is based on two-person psychology. In psychoanalytic literature the object …show more content…
Further, determining object as preconceived, projected, represented, and constructed in comparison to drive, which is activated, dynamic, self-organized, and subject to transformation is also beneficial. Subsequently, this provides analyst the information, and helps break things down to understand the relation with oneself and with other. The knowledge of interwoven dimensions of the human biological functions and purpose of the drive may be an important tool in the diagnosis processes. The weakness of the concept is that dependence on psychical and biological development may differ from client to client. It may be challenging to understand the relationship between internal world and object for the client who has not developed the internal world. It is questionable if this concept would be helpful to understand autistic client or any psychotic disorder where the internal world is yet to be developed and free association may not be practical (Green, …show more content…
Consequently, success of analysands’ work of speaking through free association may be high and may enhance the therapeutic relationship. The therapist genuine responsiveness to the needs and fears of the client can be the important component in building interpretive process (Ornstein & Ornstein, 2015). Nonetheless, the therapist responsiveness may be ineffective if the clients traumatic experience level is high and the client is unable to build a relationship with the therapist. The disconnection between therapist and client may result to ineffective treatment. Thus, this therapy is practical with those who have self-esteem problems, however, may not be practical for clients with intense and violent destructive behaviors. To conclude, the analysts and analysands undergo the process of difficulties that require an expression to encourage clients discover objects and drives. The genuine presence, empathetic responsiveness, understanding, validating, and affirming from the analysts can enhance the therapeutic relationship. The structure of psyche is interwoven with others that are identified as the objects. The purpose of the analyst is to help the client identify self and object; the intrapsychic, inter subjectivity, and self-psychology concepts provide analyst tools to clarify the complex structure of human
In treatment, the client is advised to experience his or her individual feelings and actions in the here and now, and focus is carried to tolerate on the way contact is disturbed. The way in which it is disturbed with the current environment is reflected to be a important influence in making and upholding dysfunctional displays of
The psychoanalytic perspective grew out of subsequent psychoanalytic theories (1901, 1924, and 1940) following decades of interactions with clients with the use of an innovative procedure developed by Sigmund Freud that required lengthy verbal interactions with patients during which Freud probed deep into their lives. In a nutshell, the psychoanalytic perspective looked to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focussing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges. The Biological perspective on the other hand looks at the physiological bases of behaviour in humans and animals. It proposes that an organism’s functioning can be described in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that cause behaviour. This paper attempts to examine the similarities and differences between the psychoanalytic perspective and the biological perspective with the key focus on the core assumptions and features of these perspectives as well as their individual strengths and weaknesses.
Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (19621960). The Ego and the Super-ego. The ego and the id (pp. 19-20). New York: Norton.
The client-therapist relationship is highly central, and change cannot occur without the establishment of a therapist-client relationship. Psychoanalysts disclose very little about themselves and try to maintain a sense of neutrality. They attempt to foster a transference relationship in which their client will make projections onto them. Psychoanalytic therapists use techniques such as abreaction of feelings, free association, and interpretation of resistance, dreams and transference material. A prominent feature of this theory is to encourage regression to promote exploration of early experiences (Blanck & Blanck, 1968).
The second stage in the psychodynamic therapy process is, the transference stage. In this stage the development of treatment is set and now it is the patient’s time to let their feelings out. The patient expresses those feelings, emotions, fears, and desires to the therapist without having to worry about censorship. The feelings and behavior of the patient become more pronounced and become a vital part of the treatment itself. During this stage the therapist could experience and better understand of the patient’s past and how it impacted their behavior in the
Sigmund Freud is perhaps one of the most well-known theorists in regards to the study of the human psyche. Freud’s model of the human psyche is comprised of three core elements: the Id, or the unconscious mind; things out of our awareness. The Superego, or the subconscious mind, and finally the Ego, which lies between the unconscious and the subconscious. Freud proposes that there are nine ego defense mechanisms that the ego uses in its job as the mediator between the id and the superego. In psychoanalysis, an ego defense mechanism is an unconscious personality reaction that the ego uses to protect our conscious mind from threatening feelings or perceptions.
The biological perspective core assumptions suggest our nervous system performs functions like our behaviour, experiences and movements (Carlson 2010). The biological approach tries to understand the relationship between an individual’s mind and body and also the influence of heredity on their behaviour (Glassman and Hadad 2013). However psychoanalytical approach created by Sigmund Freud (Goodwin 2005) core assumptions are less scientific as it focuses on more unobservable and less measureable aspects like the Id, ego and superego as well as the psychosexual theory of personality. The psychoanalytical approach attempts to understand individual’s behaviours by analysing how personality is shaped by past experiences and the working of the mind (Glassman and Hadad 2013).
The psychodynamic perspective of personality began in the works of Sigmund Freud and Erikson. It focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development of personality. This perspective is also heavily focused on biological causes of personality differences. Freud believed that the three largest components of personality can be divided into: id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for needs and urges, super ego is responsible for ideals and morals and ego moderates between the id and the super ego.
Per our textbook, the major influences on personality that Psychodynamic approach has is the unconscious dynamics shape human motives, guilts, conflicts, and defenses. This psychological approach was founded by Sigmund Freud. Psychodynamic emphasizes the movement of psychological energy within the person, in form of attachments, conflicts, and motivations. It is said that modern psychodynamic theories share an emphasis on unconscious processes and a belief in the formative role of childhood experiences and early unconscious conflicts. A disadvantage of this theory is that it has violated the principal of falsifiability; for overgeneralizing from atypical patents to everyone; and for basing theories on the unreliable memories and retrospective accounts of adults, which can create an illusion of
The basis of this approach is that psychological factors play a major role in determining behaviour and shaping personality. Freud argued that personality is composed of three major systems the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (biological part of personality) is present at birth and consists of inherited instincts and all psychological energies. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking to reduce tension, avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego (executive part of personality) is conscious part of the mind, the “real” us.
When psychology first emerged as a science, the process of explaining the human mind and human behavior began. In this essay we will present a brief synopsis of what psychology is and introduce the reader to the primary biological foundations of psychology that are linked to behavior as well as introducing the reader to the major schools of thought in psychology. In Kowalski and Westen Fifth Edition of Psychology, psychology is define as “the scientific investigation of mental processes such as; thinking, remembering, feeling, and behavior. Understanding a person requires attention to the individual’s biology, psychological experience, and cultural context.”(Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 4). Each component is necessary in formulating who the individual is. As we delve into history, we must be cautious in our analyzation of human behavior and the human mind that we do not contribute our analyzation to a single thought or process as many times it may be a conglomeration of events or items that contribute to the overall picture of a person’s psychological process. Furthermore, Kowalski specifies in his writing that “humans are complex creatures whose psychological experience lies at the intersection of biology and culture.”(Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 3). He expounds upon this fact by stating that “all psychological processes occur through the interaction of cells in the nervous system and all human action occurs in the context of cultural beliefs and values that render it meaningful.” (Kowalski & Weston, 2009, p. 3).
Freud, Sigmund, James Strachey, and Peter Gay. An Outline of Psycho-analysis. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989. Print.
First developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis has been expanded and revised by many. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to reduce internal conflicts like rigid ego-defenses or compulsive behavior that lead to emotional suffering. To do this, four techniques are used to uncover the unconscious roots of the brain: dream analysis, free association, analysis of resistance, and transference analysis
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.
The first feature, the id, feature of personality is the most common and everlasting element that exists since birth. It is completely unconsciousness and consists of natural and original behavior. As it is the main element of personality, id is considered the main source of psychic energy. According to Freud id is compelled by pleasure principle, which attempts for immediate satisfaction of desires and needs. It will result in a state of anxiety or strain if the needs are not satisfied immediately. Secondly, the ego is a component of personality in charge of dealing with reality. As stated by Freud, the ego progresses from Id and confirms the desires of the id, articulated in an acceptable manner in real life. The main function of ego is to handle conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. It helps to satisfy needs of id in a socially suitable way. Besides, it supports to release tension with assistance of a process where an object found in reality is created by id’s p...