Synthesis Of Protein Synthesis

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Protein Synthesis
DNA – is the molecule that carries the genetic information in all cellular forms of life and some viruses. It belongs to a class of molecules called nucleic acids, which are polynucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of three components.
• A nitrogenous base: cytosine, guanine, adenine or thymine.
• A deoxyribose sugar
• A phosphate molecule
The back bone of the polynucleotide is a chain of sugar and phosphate molecules. Each sugar molecule in the sugar phosphate backbone is linked to one of the four nitrogenous bases. DNA has the ability to store and transmit information this rests on the fact that it is made up of 2 polynucleotide strands that are coiled together to create a double helix structure. The nitrogenous bases link across the 2 polynucleotide strands by using hydrogen bonds. A-T C-G. Adenine and Thymine can only have 2 hydrogen bonds, whilst Cytosine and Guanine have 3 hydrogen bonds.
MRNA and tRNA exist in chains consisting of building blocks called RNA nucleotides. Each of these nucleotides consist of a sugar called ribose, a high-energy chemical group, called phosphate, and one of the four nitrogenous bases.
Synthesis of mRNA and tRNA
The mRNA and tRNA are synthesised through a process called base pairing and transcription. A chain of mRNA is laid down alongside a strand of DNA. The mRNA synthesis happens in …show more content…

A protein that is going to be degraded has copies of the protein ubiquitin attached to it by ubiquitin-adding enzymes. This enzyme tags the protein that is being degraded to notify the cell that it needs to be degraded. The tagged proteins are sucked into a proteasome, this is a protein based component, inside the proteasome, and the protein it has ingested is digested into small peptide fragments, these fragments are then released into the cytoplasm where other proteases digest it even further until it becomes free amino

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