The main responsibility of the police is to stop the event of the criminal acts, and when it happens, rapidly establish the culprits and get-together solid confirmation that will affirm the blameworthy and punish the offender through the court (Villiers, 2009). To apply their power, police need to work as stated by the techniques of PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984). Police authorities are the rules for the police on the best way to apply the law to capture someone, or how to treat some individual when suspecting a criminal conduct. However police authorities are likewise a shield for the suspect, guaranteeing that the individual halted or captured by the police is dealt good and there is no abuse of human rights. The British police have the authorities presented by the legislature. The primary obligations of the cops is to ensure individuals and property, support open request, stop individuals violating the law and the capture them, and helping the individuals in need for help and furnishing them with data and counsel (Villiers, 2009).
Discussion
The reason for the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 was to bind together police controls under one code of practice and to deliberately adjust the privileges of the single person against the forces of the police (Zander, 2005). There are codes of practice that go with the Act to further clear up to cop the degree of their authorises.
At the point when the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) was passed in 1984 it was trusted that, whatever the benefits or generally of its changes to police forces and the privileges of suspects, it might in any event clear up the extent of these rights and power (Miller, 2010). This might help the police to know how far they could g...
... middle of paper ...
...orm someone of their arrest (Villiers, 2009).
Conclusion
Police and Criminal Evidence Act have changed police behaviour in many ways. With this act police has become more responsible in investigating a case. Public feel safer as they know that police is always there to look after any wrongdoing. People should keep in mind that every action police take is for people safety and wellbeing of the society. Freedom of expression and freedom to peaceful protest essential in democratic society But if exercising these rights interferes with others trying to exercise theirs, then public authorities should be given sufficient rights to help protects the rights of other individuals. To some people Police and Criminal Evidence Act might provoke different issue but everyone needs to understand police department is just doing their duty so whole society can enjoy their freedom.
With reference to the orthodox and revisionist perspectives, assess the statement that ‘the establishment of the Metropolitan Police in 1829 was a rational solution to changes in society and the associated challenges of crime and disorder’. Use a contemporary example to demonstrate how these perspectives can be useful in interpreting modern policing activities.
The purpose of stop and search, an investigative tool to prevent crime is arguably different to the current practice of this procedure, current research suggests that it is used to gain intelligence and for social control (Bowling and Phillip, 2007). Following this, there is substantial evidence suggesting that thirty police forces have no understanding of how to use their powers to complete a stop and search (HMIC, 2013). Furthermore, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984, c60) states that a police officer can only stop and search a citizen if they have reasonable grounds to suspect they have stolen or prohibited items on their person. However, statistical evide...
The modern police agencies have grown and developed since the early 1600s to become an increasingly organized group that endeavors to prevent crime while preserving the rights and professionalism of citizens. Generally, modern policing in the United has been shaped by the early English police styles (“The History of the Police”, n.d.). This is primarily because the first organized policing agencies were witnessed in the early 1800s but exper...
The need for the police and the public to work together was recognized as far back as the 19th century. In 1829, the Metropolitan Police of London was established by Sir Robert Peel. Peel worked in many areas of government during his career striving to pass legislation to reform child labor laws and other statutes to help protect working Londoners. However, he is recalled by many as the “Founder of Modern Policing” (Jones, 2004). During his time as British Home Secretary, Peel took on lowering London’s rising crime rate, in addition to reforming the criminal code of the time. Peel’s police force was uniformed and its members were taken from the people it served. He believed this, along with strict discipline, was a key to keeping law and order in the streets of London (Jones, 2004).
The Criminal Justice System, a framework the British government set up to manage the treatment of culprits, has three principle objectives to accomplish social request, these are, (1) implementing criminal law, (2) keeping up peace in the general public, and (3) helping casualties. This may appear to be a well-considered framework, yet like some other association, there are blemishes, and one of the real imperfections is separation, and the predisposition that originates from segregation.
The following year the Metropolitan Police Act was passed, and by September the 'Bobbies ' or 'Peelers ' were on the streets. They were not always successful, certainly they were not popular, but the force proved to be the foundation of the modern police force in Britain.” The Metropolitan Police Act secured the standards that formed present day English policing. To begin with, the essential method for policing was a visible presence of uniformed police. Also, order and control were to be kept up through a centralized, pseudo-military authoritative structure. Today, the nine principles that Sir Robert Peel formed can be seen throughout the world, within the law enforcement
...T., Reiner, R. (2012) ‘Policing the Police’ in The Official Handbook of Criminology. Ed. By Maguire, M., Morgan, R., Reiner, R. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 806- 838
Police officers have a substantial amount of responsibilities that are required to be upheld on an everyday basis. They are said to be the “front-line soldiers” in the criminal justice system (Fleming, Ramcharan, Dowler, & de Lint, 2007, p. 2) meaning they’re the first in the government to have face-to-face communication with the potential offender. “To Protect & Serve” is a broad motto that sums up the duties of a good police officer. Their role begins when a report to the police is made, actions or suspicions of a crime is present, and/or following an investigation made by the law enforcement (Fleming, Ramcharan, Dowler, & de Lint, 2007, p. 2). Typical tasks officers are engaged in are: to preserve the peace, prevent crime, enforce the law, investigate crimes, lay charges, etc (Fleming, Ramcharan, Dowler, de Lint, 2007, p. 105) but there is more to what is generally mentioned by the public, online sources, articles, books, and even the police themselves. Officers not only conduct a criminal investigation, but they also decide whether or not to proceed with obtaining an arrest which is a serious step in the justice process (Fleming, Ramcharan, Dowler, & de Lint, 2007, p. 2 & 4). Authors of The Canadian Criminal Justice System (2007, p. 4) states that because it is impossible to convict every single person who has broken...
American law enforcement agencies are based off the English models which began in the early 1800’s. In 1829, the English Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act (Walker, 1983). Sir Robert Peel who has been credited as the father of modern policing introduced this act to Parliament (Walker, 1983). This act established the London Metropolitan Police which was the model for American policing. This method of policing incorpor...
The police records crime reported by the public in 43 police force areas and provides these data to the Home Office and for their Basic Command Units. These data provide a wealth of statistical information on recorded crime rates and possibly identify long-term trends in recorded crime rates. Due to such data collecting process, how crime being reported by the victims or witnesses and recorded by the police may affect the accuracy of such official statistics. Thus, however, the main drawbacks of this kind of statistics are excluding crimes that are not discovered, reported or recorded. Firstly, some criminal activities are not witnessed or discovered then not recorded officially by the police. According to Croall (1998), a crime being counted officially should be perceived and recognised by a member of the public, a victim or law enforcement officers. For example, white –collar crimes such as fraud or misuse of expense accounts may not be discovered easily. Therefore, crimes that are not be seen may be uncounted in the official crime
Without accepting confessions as legitimate form of evidence to be used in the court of law, the justice system would be in complete disarray what with most suspects making confessions to the police, also having a high likelihood of going on to be convicted. Confessional evidence is of great importance seeing as it is one of the exceptions to the hearsay rule. Although it is of high regard in evidential law, it would be naïve to say that the law on confessions is down to perfection, especially with such high-profile cases such as the Guildford four or Birmingham six which brought to the surface the potential possibility of fabrication by police and perversion of the use of confessional evidence to bring about a certain result in a case. While known as the most powerful form of evidence to be adduced, it is also known as the “best and worst form of evidence” to deal with. Whether the implementations of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act has succeeded to remedy the dilemmas in respect to confession is up for discussion.
This essay will critically discuss the importance of police ethics in relation to stop and search. Police ethics explained in dictionaries are a set of principles of right conduct, a theory or a system of moral values, the rules or standards governing the conduct of a persons or members of a profession. As a police officer you are holding a higher standard than the public is. You take an oath to protect and serve and part of your duties as an offices is to be above reproach on duty and off duty. All 43 police forces in UK have rules for officers to regulate what you can and cannot do as an officers. This regulations in essence is to protect the police force and the responsibilities as a police officer you must be aware of
A landmark case in Australia remains Ridgeway v R, a case considerably substantial as it caused a vast echo sufficient enough to cause legislation to be enacted. The facts in Ridgeway revolved around John Anthony Ridgeway, participating in controlled importation of 140.4 gram of Heroin into Australia. An informant remained unscathed by customs and delivered the drugs to Mr Ridgeway, leading to an arrest by the Australia Federal Police. Chief Justice Mason delivered a decision of Ridgeway not guilty, due to no evidence of the heroin being imported into Australia. The effect of the Ridgeway decision was that all evidence of the commission of an offence is liable to be excluded if that offence was the product of entrapment by law enforcement officers or agents. Presently in Commonwealth common law and statute systems it must be clarified that there is no defence for entrapment. Ridgeway caused an implementation of numerous statutory protections for police officers at Queensland and Commonwealth levels of government. Since Ridgeway, the Crimes Act 1994 has been amended to enact a scheme to authorize participation in otherwise unlawful activities for investigative purposes. Section 15G of the crimes act seeks ‘to provide for the authorisation, conduct and monitoring of controlled operations; to exempt from criminal liability and to indemnify from civil liability law enforcement officers.’ Consequent to this
Police accountability generally refers to holding the police officers and other law enforcement agencies responsible for efficiently delivering basic services of crime control and maintenance of law and order, while at the same time treating all citizens fairly within the bounds of law. The police are mandated to uphold high standard of professionalism when carrying out their duties and operate within the laid down procedures and laws. There is high expectation by the police to uphold laws regarding due process, search and seizure, arrests, discrimination and other forms of harassments which the police are expected to adhere to. Police misconduct affects law enforcement
The police back then much like now were held as heroes and that they were protecting the rest of us from the bad people. However as time has passed there has always been the question on how much power the police can have, how much force is necessary for the police to use. “The use of force to effect an arrest was as conservational in the 1840s and 1840s as it is today” . From the 1840’s till now there have been little to no actual improvements made. The police have continued to become even more powerful, when the police department was created the people questioned on whether