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Pros cons of prenatal testing
Pros cons of prenatal testing
Case study in trisomy 21
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Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21 is an extra copy of chromosomes 21; healthy babies have two copies, while down syndrome babies have three copies. Blood tests that pregnant women get have sparked a debate about aborting unborn babies with down syndrome because the parents “can’t handle it” or “dont know how to care for a baby with a disability.” Many women have recieved horrible news about their yet unborn child, Melanie Perkins McLaughlin had faced this issue and had to choose between a ‘heartbreaking” decision and keeping the Down Syndrome child. Melanie had had two miscarriages previous to this pregnancy. “Doctors gave Mclaughlin the option to terminate but told her she would have to decide quickly. (Szabo A.1)” Melanie wondered if she could handle the task of raising this baby with down syndrome. “Down syndrom or Trisomy 21 is common in 200,000 Americans; Trisomy 21 causes intellectual disabilities, low muscle tone and other complications(Szabo A.1).” Usually when soon to be mothers or previous mothers find out that their unborn bab has down synydrome they are shocked, saddened, or in disbelief.”Melany McLaughlin and her husband met with 5 year-old Anna Burnett, they saw how Anna was playing with their other children and thought “maybe this isnt the end of the world, that maybe it would be okay (Szabo A.1).” Some …show more content…
“The test is a great test, but it needs to be understood before it can be used effectively. Said Mary Norton (Marcus A.3).”Blood tests showing the fetus has downsyndrome can lead so parents or soon to be parents to end the pregnancy due to lack of knowledge of the capabilities and responsibilities to caring for a downsyndrome child. This test is a cell- free DNA test, it prevents women from needing invasive procedures, other genetic tests have risks of miscarriage. “Data tests from 1996 to 2010 had many researchers looking at the tests in a different perspective
Most cases of Down syndrome are not inherited. When the condition is caused by trisomy 21, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent. The abnormality usually occurs in egg cells, but it occasionally occurs in sperm cells. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in each of the body's cells.
Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability (Dyslexia Basics). It is not because a student doesn’t want to learn. Students with Dyslexia are still students. They can still learn and they still want to learn. Students with Dyslexia have problems with the letters in words, and the sounds letters make. The letters can be flipped upside down, turned around and rotated to the eyes of someone with Dyslexia (Dyslexie Font). This can cause students to have problems with reading, writing and even understanding text that's given to them. Each student is affected differently, some students won’t have many of these problems. While other students could have extreme problems in which they are reading at a very significantly lower grade level. Dyslexia
In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.
Children born to older parents are at greater risk for genetic abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. No one knows what causes the chromosomal abnormality that results in Down syndrome, a condition according to the National Association for Down syndrome, affects one in 800 to 1,000 babies in the United States. Any woman regardless of her culture, race and socio-economic status can have a baby with Down syndrome. However, a mother’ age seems to be a unifying factor among children with Down syndrome. Older women have a greater chance of giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome, and the risks increases with every passing year. The National Association for Down syndrome estimates the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome to be as follows:
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.
Prenatal tests show the possibility of a child having a genetic disorder, such as Down Syndrome which leads many parents to choose abortion. When it comes to prenatal testing there are many different testing options. Screening tests for example, which are the first tests that are done on the fetus. During the first ten to thirteen weeks of a pregnancy, a woman can get a first trimester screening done. This is an ultrasound and maternal blood test that tests for the genes of Down Syndrome and Trisomy 18. In a first trimester screening, a result of 1/50 means a woman has a 2% chance of having a baby with a chromosome disorder (The Facts on Prenatal Testing). The next testing window is the fifteenth – twentieth week of pregnancy. This is a Quad screening and consists of a maternal blood test the looks for Down Syndrome, Trisomy 1, and neural tube defects in the fetus. In this test there is a 5% false positive rate (The Facts on Prenatal Testing). Lastly, in the screening test options is the anatomy ultrasound, which is done eighteenth-twenty-second weeks into pregnancy. This screening is an ultrasound that assesses for birth defects. Screening tests are non-invasive and therefore leave very few negative impacts on the fetus. The majority of this paper will focus on the more invasive tests, such as diagnostic tests.
Most child dream of being superheroes. But Christine Enockson wanted to be a real world superhero, a teacher. Living in a small Wisconsin town, it was rare for there to be a child with special needs. Once Christine, or Chris as many people call her, discovered how school was different for these children, she passionately pursued a career to help those children. This passion led her to decide to be a foster parent. Throughout her life, Chris has made a difference in the lives of many children, including her own. Even though Chris has faced many hardships in her life, she continues to stay positive because of her faith. Chris’s help with special needs children and foster care have helped her faith cultivate and she is currently inspiring others
“Wow…are you absolutely sure there is no chance our baby will not be born with Down syndrome?” I asked the doctor after being told my baby was not the healthy baby girl my husband and I had hoped for. “Yes, ma’am we are 100% positive your daughter has Down syndrome…now I hate to tell you this, but I must say the best choice for both you and your baby is to have an abortion.” The doctor said.
The most common type of Down syndrome is Trisomy 21. It is where the body has 47 Chromosomes instead of 46 (Crosta). Trisomy 21 is caused by a problem in the cell division called non-disjunction. It leaves a sperm or an egg cell with an extra copy of chromosome 21.... ... middle of paper ...
At the same time, what is the best action we can take about unborn Down Syndrom babies? Ethical Dilemma My friend Maria and her husband William wanted a baby of a long time. But it was unlucky. Finally, God heard their prayers; Maria finds out that she is pregnant.
Did you know most kids get kicked off a team because of a disability? Most kids without a disability will make a competitive sports team. However, kids with disabilities and special needs have a hard time making the team. Some people might say kids with disabilities and special needs should get normal tryouts just like everyone else. Tryouts might be tougher for them and they should make it easier yet fair.
One in every five people have a disability. That’s about 20% of our population, in the United States alone. That’s quite a lot, believe it or not. Those with disabilities should be treated better because of their past treatment, and the barriers they face, and the disabilities we may or may not see. Not everyone who has a disability uses a wheelchair, as many people have an invisible disability rather than a visible one.
Special education is the practice of educating students with special educational needs by addressing their individual needs and differences. This process involves the individually planned arrangements of teaching procedures, adapted materials and equipment as well as accessible settings designed to help students with special needs to achieve a higher level of education and success. Usually parents that who has a child with special needs would like for their child to receive a quality education. People understand when talking about or describing a child with special needs that the child has educational needs, or has learning difficulties or disabilities for instance it is harder for them to learn than other children.
According to Genetics Home Reference, Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated w...
Down syndrome can be caused for three different reasons. The most prevalent reason is called trisomy 21. This means that rather than having 46 chromosomes you have 47. This is the cause for approximately ninety- five percent of the people affected by Down syndrome. The extra chromosome is usually found on the twenty-first pair. The next cause only affects 1 percent of the Downs population. It is known as mosaicism. This is caused from an error during cell division right after conception has occurred. It has been seen that with mosaicism some of the cells have 47 chromosomes while other cells only have 46 chromosomes. The last reason can be traced back to the parent's. It is known as translocation. The twenty-first chromosome is translocated on to another chromosome. The parents could be carrying the chromosome that translocates. This form of Down syndrome affects only 3-4 percent of the people living with Downs.