During World War II, the Allies strategically planned an invasion in North Africa in efforts to push back Vichy French which was controlled by the Germans. At the time, the United States was not active in the war for a year. In the early 1940’s, President Roosevelt decided it was necessary for the United States to concentrate on becoming involved in Europe. The goal of Operation Torch was to relieve the pressures of the German forces from Russia. The Allies knew it was difficult to clear out the Axis forces in order to make a successful pathway into southern Europe. The British and the United States coordinated the operation to land in Tunisia, Morocco, and Algeria. The landings required the strategic involvement of the naval fleet, the …show more content…
The article refers to a large part of Rygor’s memoirs from In the Secret Service which describe the work Rygor accomplished in the USSR, France, and North Africa. The article begins to explain Rygor’s background. According to the article, Agency Africa, a polish intelligence agency, was considered one of the best intelligence agencies ever created. The article also tends to get into detail on Agency Africa’s secrecy and the reason behind their secrecy. In the article, “Rygor himself said ‘all successful intelligence agencies remain unknown’. In this (as in other matters), he has proved only too successful.” Herman provides information for the reasons Agency Africa was kept a secret. If the intelligence network was not kept secret, the operation would have failed. The intelligence agency was used in planning Operation Torch in preparation for the landings in North Africa. Herman believes that the scale of Agency Africa should be emphasized. Agency Africa covered all over the Vichy French in North Africa. The network had airfields, outpost commanders, agents and counter-intelligence outposts. Agency Africa was well prepared for the landings. Herman added that the polish intelligence network’s aim was to obtain important information on the Axis’s intentions. Many of the wartime figures that were involved refused …show more content…
Twelve Desperate Miles tells the tale of SS Contessa which shows planning the Operation through a naval fleet. “OSS and Operation Torch” explains the influence of the American intelligence agency in trying to prepare for the operation. In comparison, “Agency Africa: Rygor’s Franco Polish Network and Operation Torch” showed Rygor’s strategies and planning in Agent Africa. These three different perspectives contribute to giving a different view on the war. Twelve Desperate Miles tended to focus on the amphibious side of the Allied forces. Brady focused on the role of navy and naval leaders in preparation for the convoy. Unlike the other contexts, Brady tends to mention different subjects such as the stories of Western Task Force, George Patton’s perspective, and the difficult encounters the SS Contessa
Atkinson argues that the North African campaign was a "pivot point in American history, the place where the United States began to act like a great power militarily, diplomatically, strategically, and tactically" (3). More importantly, he believes that World War II was the "greatest story of the twentieth century, like all great stories, it was bottomless, [and that] no comprehensive understanding of the victory of May 1945 is possible without understanding the earlier campaigns in Africa and Italy" (655). He supports this argument well in over 500 pages of material.
Throughout the battle, you see numerous Army Values and Warrior Ethos being used. “I will never leave a fallen comrade”, was the etho used the most, to reach the separated platoon. The battle also shows that not all tactical orders are effective, but as a leader you must never second guess yourself.
...rman company encounters impoverished conditions, only further adding to their pain. As a result of battling unmanageable forces and dealing with shoddy trenches, the young German armed forces are no longer able to see the real world.
The United States launched an operation known as Operation Desert Shield, also known as the Persian Gulf War, in August of 1990 in response to Saddam Hussein’s order to the Iraqi forces to take over Kuwait. President George Herbert Walker Bush made the decision to send American troops to Saudi Arabia to form an international coalition that would eventually turn into an operation known as Operation Desert Storm. The United States Army had not witnessed an event of such international and Homefront importation since the Cold War.
Prados, John. Safe for Democracy The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago, IL: Ivan R Dee, Publisher, 2006.
... Kuwait to get to the southern part of Iraq. In this situation, Iraq was left cornered. Also the movement of some of Osama Bin Laden's beliefs had greatly affected the war. This brought forth many opposing forces against the United States.
Keegan chooses the three well documented campaigns of Agincourt in 1415, Waterloo in 1815, and Somme in 1916 to answer the question of his thesis: To find out how men who are faced with the threat of single-missile and multiple-missile weapons control their fears, fix their wounds, and face their death. In his words he is seeking “to catch a glimpse of the face of battle.”
In 1943 the British and American Allies shared a common language and a common enemy, but they disagreed on the war’s grand strategy. (site) These strategic differences culminated in the Sicily Campaign, with Allied command and control exercise by Allied Commander, General Eisenhower, failed to employ the three essential attributes of mission command: commander’s intent, full understanding, and mutual trust among partners, as discussed in General Dempsey’s white paper. These failures in Mission Command also limited the Allies’ ability to effectively integrate the vital joint functions like Fires, Maneuver, and Protection. This essay will evaluate the Allies’ Command and Control and the other vital Joint Functions and expound on General Eisenhower
In the fall of 1931, the Atlantic Ocean was the boiling point of a criminal battle between the British and Germans. Most people think that the Battle of the Atlantic may have decided World War II’s outcome. This battle was the dominating factor throughout the war. The Battle of the Atlantic was a violent and destructive battle. Many people lost their lives fighting in this battle. New technology was one of the major factors in the Allies winning the long and crucial Battle of the Atlantic.
The purpose of this battle was to for the Allies to gain control over Longstop Hill after the failed mission of Operation Torch. Infantry from the 78th Division along with Churchill's tanks took control after a vigorous battle with the Axis. Under the command of General Rommel the tanks created a variousion of tactical surprises by driving up the hill, eventually leading to the breakthrough of the German defence, which opened the road to Tunis. Casablanca Conference was an important event that took place pier to this attack because it was when the British and American leaders met in order to develop the idea of postwar peace. Both Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that the only way for there to be postwar peace was through unconditional surrender.
It began to emerge the differences in tactics. The question was whether to continue so far the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Forces Europe, General Eisenhower’s tactics attacking on a broad front, or due to problems of supply to take just one mighty blow. In that period Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery developed a new operation plan, which would include the use of 1st Airborne Army (Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton), actually 1st Airborne Corps (Lieutenant General Frederick Browning). The Corps comprised of 82nd US Airborne Division (Brigadier General James M. Gavin), 101st US Airborne Division (Major General Maxwell D. Taylor), and 1st British Airborne Division (Major General Robert “Roy” E. Urquhart) supported with, under his command, 1st Polish Independent Parachute Brigade (Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski). These units should be dropped along the roa...
O’Neill, William L. World War II A Student Companion. 1 ed. William H. Chafe. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
This memoir, which sits on the library shelf, dusty and unread, gives readers a view of the reality of this brutal war. So many times World War II books give detail about the war or what went on inside the Concentration Camps, yet this book gives insight to a different side. A side where a child not only had to hide from Nazi’s in threat of being taken as a Jew, but a child who hid from the Nazi’s in plain sight, threatened every day by his identity. Yeahuda captures the image of what life was like from the inside looking out. “Many times throughout the war we felt alone and trapped. We felt abandoned by all outside help. Like we were fighting a war on our own” (Nir 186). Different from many non-fiction books, Nir uses detail to give his story a bit of mystery and adventure. Readers are faced with his true battles and are left on the edge of their
Although the invasion of Grenada was a success, there were problems with the commander’s intent. Since the contingency operation had a very short planning timeline, it appears elements of the commander’s intent were not clear. During the planning process, Atlantic Command (LANTCOM) was unable to design a suitable concept for the joint operation. Stewart postulated that the Command was neither trained nor manned to mount this type of operation as the Command’s main focus was to reinforce Europe after a Soviet attack.
Throughout the years most country's governments have established some sort of secret police. No matter what the government called it, whether it is the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or her Majesty's secret service (MI6), whatever name the government used, the international term of "secret police" could always be applied. Many agencies of secret police have had their success and failures, some more than others. The KGB, which in English means "the Committee of Public Safety," has had their share of both successes and failures. Most secret police agencies have been used primarily to obtain information from other countries. This was also a primary goal for the KGB, but one of their other goals, which was just as important, was to keep unwanted outside information from the Russian people. This was only one out of many the KGB's objectives. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to prove that the actions of the KGB were, all in all, a success.