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Cultural challenges in international business
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Barbie was introduced to the world in 1959, and is one of the most iconic dolls ever produced. Barbie is manufactured by Mattel, which was founded in California in 1944, and has dominated the toy market ever since. Barbie helped to create a name and an Empire for Mattel, who later introduced products such as Hot Wheels and Polly Pocket. Mattel, for many years, had a great reputation and produced products that were safe and children loved. Mattel began moving their manufacturing operations overseas about twenty years ago, and until recent years had enjoyed continued success. When Mattel began moving a majority of their manufacturing operations to China and Mexico, they never would have imagined the controversy they would find themselves in the middle of. International manufacturing operations provide companies with an increased bottom line, since labor costs are significantly cheaper than in the United States. However, when companies expand internationally there are a few factors they must first consider: the external environment factors, cultural dynamics, and their strategy and structure in their overseas operations.
July 13, 2007 is the day Mattel learned their Sarge die-cast toy cars, manufactured in China, contained lead levels in excess of U.S. federal toy safety regulations (Pearce & Robinson, 25-1). The United States implemented safety regulation regarding lead-based paint years ago, as officials were aware of the potential health concerns lead can cause. The products manufactured in China leading up to the recalls in 2007 were of substandard quality, and posed serious health risks to the children of the United States. High levels of lead paint can have a detrimental effect on the health of children. Lead can damage chi...
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...attel, the lack of safety standards and cultural issues may have been their biggest downfall. Had they done some research prior to their entry into the Chinese manufacturing industry, their outcome may have been very different. The upfront costs of manufacturing in China may be appealing, but Mattel suffered large financial loss and ended up with a tarnished reputation.
Works Cited
http://abcnewsradioonline.com/world-news/2010/10/25/us-safety-chair-pushes-china-to-raise-toy-manufacturing-stan.html
References…..China's toxic toymaker. (2007). Economist, 384(8542), 58. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Joe, W. (n.d). Mattel Cautiously Reveals Closing of Murray, Ky., Toy Factory. Paducah Sun, The (KY), 04/04/2001. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Geoff Dyer in Shanghai, M. (2007, September 22). Mattel apology to 'the Chinese people'. Irish Times. Retrieved from EBSCOhost..
This website article provides the history of Barbie and her newly inspiring images for young women. Barbie was the new popular doll during World War 2 because she provided something inspiring for young girls and something that mothers felt strong about, independence. Barbie helped with what was being told to women, that they didn’t have to settle for being just a housewife or a stay at home mother. Women around the country could have a variety, a choice to work and have a career. “Barbie’s early professions were limited
Lead is a metal found virtually everywhere even today. Sources of lead include auto body shops, electric storage batteries, glazes for china dishes, crockery, insecticides, electric cable insulation, hose, pipe, sheet and floor coverings. Lead is associated with stain glass work, jewelry making and antique ceramic doll painting. Although lead in paint was outlawed, there are still many homes that have lead paint (White et al, 1990). Lead found in gasoline was found in one study to account for 23--27% of the lead blood levels in the people tested (Wagner, 1991). This exposure to lead sources is more of a concern for children due to the characteristic habit of children to taste everything they touch; this characteristic is known as pica. Children are also in closer contact with their lead polluted environment during play. They are more active and exposed to outdoor contaminates and they inhale dust and dirt that are lead contaminated. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of lead in the digestive tract is up to 10 times greater in chil...
When lead enters the environment, it starts to become a problem. After a period of about ten days, depending on the weather, it falls to the surface. Here lead builds up in the soil particles. Where it may make its way into underground water or drinking water due to the fact the grounds acidic or if it's soft enough. Either way it stays a long time on the soil or in water. Months or years down the road after the lead has built up it starts to become a problem for children that play outside of their homes . This lead containing soil particles get on the child's hands or clothing and end up in the child's mouth. After the build up of so much lead it leads to lead poison. Lead poisoning has been an issue since the early 1900s, when the use of lead started being banned from the manufacturing of paint in foreign countries such as Australia. Unfortunately, the United States did not start banning it until 1978, when it finally became illegal in our nation. Today 90% of the lead in the atmosphere comes from the burning of gasoline. This problem has been a large issue since the 1920s, when the Environmental Protection Agency started making laws on the amount of lead allowed in gasoline.
Question: In considering the monetary estimates of childhood lead poisoning prevention, list and note the relative importance of the categories of costs and benefits that need to be considered is projecting a cost/benefit ratio. Use a standard housing remediation approach for those expenses. Where does the balance lay? What are the options and barriers to moving it forward?General Effects of Childhood Lead Poisoning When lead in inhaled it, the lead could be deposited in the bones where some essential body function occurs e.g. blood formations, calcium absorption. Lead is also transported in blood stream and deposited in muscle and nerves and blood vessels. The deposition of lead in these organs systems eventually results in the malfunctioning of these organs. These malfunctions could include decrease in bone and muscle growth/co-ordination, damage to the nervous system and other organs of the body. (KidsHealth, 1995-2010) The above mentioned effects could also impair breakdown and use of nutrients by the body, decreased hearing ability. In addition, it affects child growth, in the sense that it has been shown that children with higher blood lead levels may on average be shorter than their genetic potential by 1cm.Effect of Lead on cognition and Behavior of Children: Lead poisoning have been identified as one of the factors responsible for cognitive deficits and mental illness among children. There has been shown a correlation between Blood Lead Level and cognitive functioning in children and infant (Bruce P. Lanphear, 2005). Bruce P et al in a study of Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function, showed an inverse relationship between blood lead concentrations and IQ score...
After reviewing Mattel, Inc., I understand the company seeks to maintain their position as a global leader in the toy industry by creating beloved, high-quality toys and brands in a safe, responsible, and ethical manner.
c) Creating barriers between children’s play area and non-play area. Washing of children’s hands and toys at periodical intervals, because both are lead sources and get contaminated from house hold dust or soil. Proper care should be taken while using ceramic cups and plates, long term usage should be avoided, since these contain lead particles which are harmful when consumed along with food.
90% of girls ages three through ten owned at least one Barbie doll. Ruth Handler’s idea for children to live there adult fantasies through a toy, came to life in a tall beautiful blonde doll. Barbra Millicent Roberts, or Barbie for short was named after Handlers daughter. Barbie was originally molded after the European Lilli doll that was made to be a gag gift, but Handler transformed this idea into so much more. The first Barbie doll was created in 1959, changing the toy making industry forever. This simple idea turned into a massive success. The sponsor of the phenomenon was Mattel Inc. founded by Ruth Handler and her Husband. Ruth Handler’s original idea of Barbie was revolutionary due to the many impacts on society this small doll created.
Mattel outsources manufacturing to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Mexico, Ireland, and China. Most outsourcing is done through China accounting for 65% of Mattel’s total production. Mattel owns one plant in the USA, and Ireland with the reaming in Mexico and Asian countries. Mattel uses these in-house manufacturing plants for about half of their production which is relatively high in comparison to Hasbro which uses nearly no in-house production. The half that is produced by non-Mattel owned plants are required to operate under the Vendors Operation Asia (VOA) in order to keep Mattel’s standards in production and relationships that they offer in the Asian government. This is to keep up with the ever-changing toy market that has a life cycle of about one to two-year or less. Mattel carries functional and innovative products that they offer mainly to the USA at 36%, Europe at 29%, and then Asia at 24% of the toy market with Asia and Latin America on an incline. Mattel has the highest percentage of the global toy market at 6%. There is a trend of consumers “getting older younger” as technology develops. The demand for high tech toys and video games is growing.
In 2007, the international toy manufacturer, Mattel, Inc. issued several recalls for millions of their products. These recalls were for safety reasons in that testing at the manufacturing sites and special test laboratories showed that millions of their toys were coated with dangerous amounts of lead in the paint. This lead based paint contains a potent neurotoxin that if ingested can cause serious harm to children. Mattel assured the public that the problem would be solved, the recalled products would be collected and replaced, and that the company would never let this type of incident happen again.
Their chapter 11 petition was filed in the federal court in Manhattan, New York and “according to GM 's bankruptcy filing, the company has assets of $82.3 billion, and liabilities of $172.81 billion. That would make GM the fourth largest U.S. bankruptcy on record, according to Bankruptcydata.com” (CNN Money). Just to put into prospective how gargantuan this company was at the time, “until 2008, when it was overtaken by Toyota, GM was the world 's biggest carmaker, producing well over 9m cars and trucks a year in 34 different countries. It has 463 subsidiaries and employs 234,500 people, 91,000 of them in America, where it also provides health-care and pension benefits for 493,000 retired workers. In America alone, it spends $50 billion a year buying parts and services from a network of 11,500 vendors and pays $476m in salaries each month”(The Economist), so it is easy to understand by looking at that data that the fallout of this company failing would have been astronomical on the already depressed economy.
... in the toy industry is to make toy safety the number one priority and to fulfill the customers’ needs.
In Gene Luen Yang’s comic book “American Born Chinese” various examples of cultural and social commentary are strewn throughout the page’s panels. The diversity of the character’s backgrounds and upbringings give a multifaceted look on how society views different races, genders, classes and so on. One character in particular, Wei-Chen, is a great example of a character whose alienation uncovers the ugly truth of society's assumptions and moral values when judging others. Through dialogue, plot twists, and conflicts, Wei-Chen’s character is progressively developed and altered by the American society. Social and cultural commentary are at the center of every slight personality and emotional shift in Wei-Chen.
Symptoms of lead poisoning include loss of appetite, weakness, anemia, vomiting, and convulsions, sometimes leading to permanent brain damage or death. Children who ingest chips of old, lead-containing paint or are exposed to dust from the deterioration of such paint may exhibit symptoms. Levels of environmental lead considered nontoxic may also be involved in increased hypertension in a significant number of persons, according to studies released in the mid-1980s. As a result, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in recent years have been revising downward the levels of environmental lead that it would consider safe.
There are many contributing factors that enhance the amount of lead in the environment, for instance, environmental lead occurs from the burning of leaded gasoline, from battery and smelter industries and it’s also found in ink and paper. Additionally, many canned food products are sealed with lead solder (Analytical Research Laboratories, 2012). Due to the vast quantity of lead found in the environment, exposure is inevitable. On the contrary, there are three main ways in which lead can enter the body: inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin. It may be inhaled when it is burned or melted, releasing some of the lead as a fume and or when dust that contains lead becomes airborne. In terms of ingestion, lead may be ingested through drinking water, when dust particles containing lead come in contact with food or food preparation surfaces, etc. In particular cases that inv...
Top managers should be reminded that they are ultimately responsible for the quality of a product and the company. Quality management is one of the keys. By defining quality in operational terms, understanding the costs and benefits of quality, recognizing the consequences of poor quality, and recognizing the need for ethical behavior (Stevenson, 2012), will lead to a more productive operation. If Toys, Inc. specifically doesn’t want to hire additional positions to inspect quality they could outsource to a company such as SATRA whom from its website states, “SATRA can assess the risk of injury from a toy, as well as carry out analysis for the presence of restricted metals such as lead, chromium and mercury(2015).” Quality is the ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed customer expectations (Stevenson, 2012). Quality when it comes to manufacturing of toys especially those that have moving parts also brings in safety concerns. “Market watch officials and technological experts have warned parents to pay more attention to the quality of toys they purchase to better protect their children (Hazell, C 2011).” Parents will associate a poorly made toy, especially one that already knows that it’s poorly made by having a trade-in program as potentially dangerous for their son or daughter. Continuing to have customer dissatisfaction will further question the quality of our product and in turn the safety of our