Most people with a family history of the illness have at least some beliefs and relevant knowledge regarding their own risk of developing the illness. According to Leventhal's Self-Regulation Model, which supports the role of external, environmental, social and familial factors in forming representations of the illness, these beliefs generate a cognitive-emotional and behavioral model of illness representations through which people process information and act.
The chronology, consequences and coherence of the illness (dimensions of illness perception) have been significantly correlated with passive adaptation (van Oostrom et al., 2007). Simultaneously, passive adaptation has anticipated the emotional suffering caused by hereditary cancer,
Being diagnosed with a chronic illness is a life-altering event. During this time, life is not only difficult for the patient, but also for their loved ones. Families must learn to cope together and to work out the best options for the patient and the rest of the family. Although it may not be fair at times, things may need to be centered on or around the patient no matter what the circumstance. (Abbott, 2003) Sacrifices may have to be made during difficult times. Many factors are involved when dealing with chronic illnesses. Coping with chronic illnesses alter many different emotions for the patients and the loved ones. Many changes occur that are very different and difficult to get used to. (Abbott, 2003) It is not easy for someone to sympathize with you when they haven’t been in the situation themselves. No matter how many books they read or people they talk to, they cannot come close to understanding.
The mindset has many different ways to affect the Illness. An inferiority complex affects personal social life negatively. Lying could assist to avoid the truth, for that reason people can defense themselves or hide their anxiety. Positive mind influence their own life. Imaging the pain could affect the brain therefore people can sympathize with the pain. Nancy Mairs in, “On Being a Cripple,” she tried to tell a story how she’s positively trying to live as an ordinary human life even her disability prevents it. Leslie Jamison in, “The Empathy Exams,” she’s telling how the mindset affects their body, and how her belief can affect her mind to comfort themselves. Depends on how people believe their mindset affects them whether positively or negatively of their lives.
Mr. A is burdened with both of these diseases and he may suffer from further complications in the future do to his condition. Public health education campaigns can inform Mr. A that he is experiencing a pre-contemplation behavioural stage in which he is not aware of a need to change his current lifestyle. As previously stated, the case shows that study Mr. A is not currently living a lifestyle that supports the management of his current health conditions. In conjunction with the transtheoretical theory, health campaigns can inform Mr A about his diagnosed conditions and encourage him to change his habits by understanding the 6 behavioural stages. Although the transtheoretical model of can be beneficial in educating Mr. A’s behaviour. Addition of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory would yield a better outcome for Mr. A by explaining why he has not currently changed his behaviour. Communities can additionally help to support Mr. A by taking on the role of facilitating, participating, fundraising and volunteering in health promotions. With the amalgamation of the knowledge of behavioural theories, exposure to multimodal education campaigns and communities participating in health education interventions, Mr. A can be informed if his current health
In conclusion, cancer is a disease that has impacted millions of people throughout history and the world. With the assistance of medical professionals; early, professional, and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and mental/ emotional support of family members, friends, and doctors, the emotional impact of cancer can become much more bearable.
Broad prejudices against people with illnesses survive at the threshold of the new millennium. Those prejudices, infecting those familiar and unfamiliar with the severity of functional illnesses determine the way “non-ill” people view and act toward people living and working with illnesses. Many people, however, still fail to recognize the pervasive and damaging nature of “affliction” prejudice.
Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness Theory is a middle-range theory indicating the theory is not overly broad or narrow (Black, 2014). The theory was developed from studying men with prostate cancer who were watchfully waiting for the advancing signs of their disease (Black, 2014). The theory has three main components, which incorporate: the antecedents of uncertainty, impaired cognitive appraisal, and coping with uncertainty in illness (Neville, 2003). The antecedents of Mishel’s theory are the stimulus frame, cognitive capacities and event congruence (Neville, 2003). The stimulus frame concerns three parts including: symptom pattern, event familiarity and event congruency (Neville, 2003). Symptom pattern may be when symptoms of illness present with consistency to form a pattern (Elphee, 2008). Event familiarity refers to the repetitive nature of the healthcare environment and not necessarily the physical characteristics of the disease (Elphee, 2008). Elphee also defines event congruence as the cor...
Additionally, this model integrates several factors that are associated with the disease, not only genetic and biological factors but also the contribution of social learning. Regardless of the elaboration of various factors, this model fails to explain how being vulnerable towards the stressor could lead to the onset of positive symptoms. In other words, there is no clear link established between the vulnerability and the symptoms.
There are many ways to categorize illness and disease; one of the most common is chronic illness. Many chronic illnesses have been related to altered health maintenance hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are associated with diet and stress, deficient in exercise, tobacco use, and obesity (Craven 2009). Some researchers define the chronic illness as diseases which have long duration and generally slow development (WHO 2013); it usually takes 6 month or longer than 6 month, and often for the person's life. It has a sluggish onset and eras of reduction for vanishing the symptoms and exacerbation for reappear the symptoms. Some of chronic illness can be directly life-threatening. Others remain over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes, so chronic illness affects physical, emotional, logical, occupational, social, or spiritual functioning. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, all of these diseases are the cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths. So a chronic illness can be stressful and may change the way a person l...
The purpose of this paper is to review the theory of self-regulation and how it can be applied to practice in health care settings to improve patient outcomes. According to Johnson (1997), more than 25 years of research has influenced the development of the self-regulation theory, which is about coping with healthcare experiences. Health problems have shifted from acute to chronic where it has been identified that personal behaviors are linked to over half of societies chronic health problems (Ryan & Sawin, 2009). As the modern nurse strives to provide specialized care and improve patient outcomes, the utilization of nursing theory continues to gain importance. This theory explains how patients use specific types of information to cope with health care events thus providing a rational for selecting information that can be expected to benefit patients. The concept of self-regulation has been a part of nursing practice in a circumlocutory fashion for years. It has been most commonly referred to as self-management creating considerable ambiguity and overlapping of definitions for that term and self-regulation (SR). For the purpose of this paper these terms will imply that people follow self-set goals introduced by their health care provider.
The uncertain nature of chronic illness takes many forms, but all are long-term and cannot be cured. The nature of chronic illness raises hesitation. It can disturb anyone, irrespective of demographics or traditions. It fluctuates lives and generates various inquiries for the patient. Chronic illness few clear features involve: long-lasting; can be managed but not cured; impacts quality of life; and contribute to stress. Chronic illnesses can be enigmatic. They often take considerable time to identify, they are imperceptible and often carry a stigma because there is little sympathetic or social support. Many patients receive inconsistent diagnoses at first and treatments deviate on an individual level. Nevertheless, some circumstances require
Human behavior is a vital component in the sustainment of health and the prevention of illness. For some decades now there has been an increasing attention to the contribution of psychological and social components to improving and changing health. Health specialists have used the help of models of behavior change in order to reduce health risks. Through all these years psychosocial models have been a leading influence in predicting and explaining health behaviors. The most accustomed are the social cognition models. A central principle of social cognition is that people’s social behavior is comprehended by examining their perceptions about their own behaviour
Mishel defines uncertainty as the inability to structure meaning that may develop if the person does not form a “cognitive schema for illness events” (McEwen &Wills, p.243, 2014). The theory, was developed by Dr. Mishel in the early 1980s, was formally introduced in the late 1980s and revised in the early 1990s. The theory of uncertainty in illness is classified as a middle, middle range theory. It was constructed to explain how uncertainty can impact an individual’s ability to cope with illness and the impact those uncertainties can have on patient outcomes and helps to measure the level in which someone is experiencing uncertainty during either acute or chronic, illness or injury. The theory further explains how clients cognitively process illness-related stimuli and construct meaning from these events (McEwen & Wills, p.243, 2014) because in times of illness, uncertainty can be created due to the unknown. This uncertainty can spread into all aspects of a person’s daily life, changing behaviors and ways of thinking. The theory, uncertainty in illness sets out to explain this phenomena and share interventions that can be used to lessen the impact of this
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
As the client attempts to cope with the circumstance, various aspects of his life may be affected. In some way, the coping response of an individual to a health-related concern may be related to his Quality of Life
Physical symptoms of cancer and the treatment can have serious social and emotional consequences for the diagnosed child....