Investigating the Effect of Concentration of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Metal
Aim:
To investigate the effect of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid
when it reacts with magnesium metal.
Scientific Knowledge:
Concentrated acid contains many acid particles. In order for a
reaction to take place acid particles must collide with magnesium
atoms breaking the chemical bonds, there must also be enough energy
within the reaction for them to collide; otherwise they would simply
bounce off each other. A reaction that does have enough energy to
create a reaction is referred to as an effective collision. Within a
reaction containing a high concentration of acid, a collision between
acid particles and magnesium atoms is very likely. The more collisions
made, the quicker the reaction will take place. Therefore using dilute
acid, as there are not as many particles, collisions between the acid
particles and magnesium atoms are less likely causing the reaction to
take more time. Some reactions, such as iron and oxygen, have such a
slow reaction rate, that it can take up to a day to react.
Magnesium + sulphuric acid ==> magnesium sulphate + hydrogen
Mg(s) + H2SO4 (aq) ==> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (aq)
Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid because it is higher in
the reactivity series than hydrogen. When the two chemicals react a
displacement reaction will take place and the magnesium will displace
the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid forming magnesium chloride and
hydrogen gas.
Prediction:
I predict that as the temperature increases due to the reaction, the
reaction will increase further, because at a higher temperature
molecules move around faster as they have more energy, therefore
increasing the likelihood of a collision. I also predict that the
higher the concentration of acid, the quicker the magnesium will react
and dissolve, as in more concentrated acid there are more particles,
also increasing likelihood of a collision.
Apparatus:
* Test Tube Rack
* Strips of Magnesium Ribbon
* Bottle of Sulphuric Acid
The mass of Mg + the mass of O2=mass of MgxOx. Knowing the mass of
The first step that we took to accomplish our goal was to put on our safety goggles and choose a lab station to work at. We received one 400ml beaker, one polyethylene pipet, two test tubes with hole rubber stoppers, two small pieces of magnesium (Mg), one thermometer and a vial of hydrochloric acid (HCl). We took the 400ml beaker and filled it about 2/3 full of water (H20) that was 18 OC. Then we measured our pieces of Mg at 1.5 cm and determined that their mass was 1.36*10-2 g. We filled the pipet 2/3 full of HCl and poured it into one of the test tubes. Then, we covered the HCl with just enough H2O so that no H2O would be displaced when the stopper was inserted. After inserting the stopper, we placed the Mg strip into the hole, inverted the test tube and placed it in the 400ml beaker. HCl is heavier than H2O, so it floated from the tube, into the bottom of the beaker, reacting with the Mg along the way to produce hydrogen gas (H2). We then measured the volume of the H2, cleaned up our equipment and performed the experiment a second time.
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